Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Fall24 PoA II > Immune Dysfunction pt1 > Flashcards

Immune Dysfunction pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

What aspect of the immune system requires no prior exposure to pathogens?

A

Innate Immunity (natural immunity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What aspect of our immune system is rapid, non-specific, and does not provide long-lasting protection?

A

Innate Immunity (has no memory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the non-cellular components of innate immunity? (3)

A
  • Epithelial and mucous membranes
  • Complement system proteins
  • Acute phase proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the cellular components of the innate immunity system? (4)

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Macrophages
  • Monocytes
  • NK cells (natural killer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cell (of the innate immunity response) responds the fastest to infection?

A

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cell (of the innate immunity response) provides a slower but more prolonged response to infection?

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Complement System?

A

Over 30 plasma and cell surface proteins that complements (enhance) both innate and adaptive immunologic systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the Complement system do to enhance the adaptive and innate immunologic systems? (2)

A
  • Augments phagocytes and antibodies
  • Marks pathogens for permanent destruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are the proteins for the Complement system produced?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What activates the complement system?

A

Infection of course.

C1 and C3 (Complement proteins 1 & 3).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most numerous WBC?

A

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics and actions of neutrophils? (5)

A
  • Migrate rapidly to bacterial infections
  • Release cytokines to phagocytize
  • ½ life of 6 hours
  • Sensitive to acidic infection environments
  • Become purulent exudate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of immune cell is the largest blood cell and circulates to specific tissue areas to differentiate into macrophages?

A

Monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the names of monocytes that have circulated to following areas:

  • Epidermis
  • Liver
  • Lungs
  • CNS
A
  • Epidermis → Langerhans
  • Liver → Kupffer
  • Lung → Alveolar cells
  • CNS → Microglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the pertinent characteristics of monocytes/macrophages? (3)

A
  • Mobilize after neutrophils
  • Phagocytic destruction via NO & cytokines
  • Persist at site in chronic infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the least common blood granulocyte?

A

Basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What cells reside in connective tissue close to blood vessels?

A

Mast Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the characteristics/actions of basophils/mast cells? (3)

A
  • Express high affinity for IgE
  • Initiate hypersensitivity (produce histamine, leukotrienes, PG’s, and cytokines)
  • Stimulate smooth muscle contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What cells play a major role in allergies, asthma, and eczema?

A

Basophils and Mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What cell type is classified by the following characteristics:

  • Heavily concentrated in GI mucosa
  • Protects against parasites
  • Degrade mast cell inflammation
A

Eosinophils

21
Q

What characteristics does Adaptive Immunity possess? (3)

A
  • Present only in Vertebrates (animal with spine)
  • Delayed onset of action
  • Capable of memory and specific antigen response
22
Q

What type of cells do adaptive immunity cells originate from?

A

Hematopoietic stem cell

23
Q

What is the humoral component of the Adaptive Immunity system?
What does this component do?

A

B cells → produce antibodies

24
Q

What are the cellular components of the adaptive immunity system?

A

Helper T-cells
Cytotoxic T-cells

25
Where do T-cells **originate**? Where do they **mature**?
T-cells originate in the **bone marrow** and mature in the **Thymus**.
26
What are the actions of **T-cells**? (3)
- **Produce** interferon and interleukins - **Activate** IgE - Role in chronic **inflammation**
27
What is the primary example of **passive immunity**?
Maternal **IgA** antibodies from **breast milk**
28
____ immunity is when a pathogen is deliberately administered and repeat exposure yields a quicker response.
**Active Immunity** is when a pathogen is deliberately administered and repeat exposure yields a quicker response.
29
_____ immunity is when antibodies are received from another individual, with protection lasting weeks to months.
**Passive immunity** is when antibodies are received from another individual, with protection lasting weeks to months.
30
What is the primary example of **active immunity**?
Vaccines
31
Is **neutropenia** an example of excessive or inadequate immune response?
Inadequate
32
What is required for **hypersensitivity** development?
Prior sensitization (grass, latex, nuts, etc)
33
What is hypersensitivity?
**Foreign antigen reaction** caused by altered T-cell and antibody response
34
What is the **most common source** of hypersensitivity?
Drugs (**NMDs**, ABX, PPIs, etc.) *rocuronium*
35
What are examples of a **Type I** allergic response (aka **immediate hypersensitivity**)? (5)
* Anaphylaxis * Asthma * Angioedema * Conjuctivitis * Dermatitis
36
What occurs during a **Type I** Allergic Response?
- 1st exposure: T-Cells stimulate B cells to produce **IgE antibodies** - 2ⁿᵈ exposure: Released Ca⁺⁺ → histamine, inflammatory mediators, heparin. (Histamine triggers: **bronchoconstriction, vascular permeability, vasodilation**)
37
What are common types of drugs used to **prevent the histamine effects** of Type I allergic responses? (4)
- Antihistamines - Cromolyn Na⁺ - Bronchodilators - COX Inhibitors
38
What is another name for **Type II** Allergic Responses? What **mediates** these types of responses?
- Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity - Mediated by **IgG, IgM, and Complement system** → B-cells → antibodies.
39
What are **examples** of Type II Allergic Responses? (3)
- Hemolytic Anemia - Myasthenia Gravis - Transfusion Reactions
40
What is the **treatment** for Type II Allergic Responses? (2)
- Anti-inflammatories - Immunosuppressants
41
What is another name for **Type III** Allergic Response?
Immune Complex Hypersensitivity
42
What occurs with **Type III** Allergic Response?
Failure of immune system to eliminate antibody-antigen complex.
43
Where are the **antibody-antigen complexes** deposited in immune complex hypersensitivity? (4)
Joints kidneys skin eyes
44
What antibodies **mediate** Type III Allergic Responses? (2)
IgG and IgM
45
What are **examples** of Type III Allergic Responses? (2)
SLE Rheumatoid arthritis
46
What are **examples** of Type IV Allergic Responses? (3)
- Contact Dermatitis - Tuberculosis - Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
47
What is a **Type IV** Allergic Response?
T-lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage mediated response that **does not involve antibodies**.
48
What are the **most common symptoms** with Type IV Allergic Responses?
Cutaneous symptoms

Fall24 PoA II (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions