Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Med-Surge > Immune Lecture > Flashcards

Immune Lecture Flashcards

(44 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Immune Disorders

Autoimmunity

A

Autoimmune disease where body and immune system attack itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Immune Disorders

Hypersensitivity

A

Overly sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Immune Disorders

Gammopathies

A

Abnormal proliferation of lymphoid cells producing immunoglobulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Immune Disorders

Immune Deficiencies

A

Primary-born with defected immune system

Secondary-acquired defects in immune system like HIV, age, & environmental factors such as nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Development of cells of the Immune System

Explain how lymphocytes are made in bone marrow and where the mature and what they’re called

A

Bone marrow produces lymphocytes and so B-cells (B lymphocytes) mature in the bone marrow and T-cells (T lymphocytes) mature in the thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What response do B-cells and T-cells do?

And explain what the responses are and what B cells do and what T cells do

A

B cells do humoral response in which they release antibodies and they attach to the organism and stop it from working and make it innert.

T cells do cell mediated response where the cytotoxic Killer T cells attack the microbe directly and cause the microbe to lysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CBC with diff

A

Includes percentages of each type of WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CBC without diff

A

Does not have percentages of each type of WBC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CBC with diff helps to determine to see if the illness is caused by bacteria, virus, or leukemia.

A

So (what I’m understanding is that) depending on which type of WBC is at an elevated rate you can tell if the illness is caused by bacteria, virus, or leukemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most abundant
First one on site in response to pathogen
For bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Eosinophils/Basophils

A

Eosinophils kill parasites and used for allergic reactions.

Basophils release histamine during allergic reaction and have the least number.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Monocytes

A

Clean up dead stuff and are the “garbage men” of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lymphocytes

A

B cells and T cells

go over the B cells and T cells and how/where they are made and what type of response they have

B cells and T cells response interact with each other it’s not just one or the other!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FAB 5 CBC

WBC
RBC
Pla

Hgb
Hct

A

WBC: 5-10k
RBC: 4.2 - 6.2 million
Pla: 100-400k

Hgb: 12-18
Hct: 40-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

FAB 5 Chemistry

Na
K
Glu
BUN 
Creatnin
A 
Na  135-145
K  3.5-5.0
Glu  60-100
BUN 8-20
Creatnin  0.6-1.5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Shift to the Left

A

Shift to the left means that the body is losing the battle and all the WBC are out fighting including the bands (immature WBC) so you know the infection is serious and severe.
Normally the band percentage is 2-6% but in this case the body is kicking the bands out into the blood to help fight the infection so the percentage of bands will be higher.

Ratio of immature WBC higher than mature WBC

Seen in infection, hypoxia/shock, inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Left shift can occur with High or Low WBC

A

High WBC means that the body is releasing neutrophils and bands to fight off the overwhelming infection.

Low WBC means the the infection is at such high intensity that the supply of WBC does not meet the demand of WBC or recovery from bone marrow suppression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Shift to the right

Study These Flashcards
A

Ratio of mature WBC is more than immature WBC

A shift to the right shows that there is a more than usual number of nuclear segments and that the infection is clearing so the store of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is exhausted and there is not enough to meet the demand that is needed to fight the infection.

Seen with bone marrow suppression, pernicious anemia, radiation sickness, viral infections, hemolysis, drugs, cancer, allergies.

19
Q

Shift to left compared to shift to right

Study These Flashcards
A

Shift to left: increased bands, acute infection, usually bacterial

Shift to right: increased mature WBC, intense infection, viral infection

20
Q

Humoral Defense - Antibodies

Agglutination

Study These Flashcards
A

One anti-body that acts as a cross link between 2 antigens and causes them to clump together to facilitate phagocytosis.

21
Q

Humoral Defense - Antibodies

Neutralization

Study These Flashcards
A

Antibody binds to pathogen to block pathogen from target

22
Q

Humoral Defense - Antibodies

Opsonization

Study These Flashcards
A

Antibody marks antigen and “flags” it to initiate phagocytosis on it

23
Q

Humoral Defense - Antibodies

Complement System

Study These Flashcards
A

Inflammation

Enhances ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from organism and complement factors are found in the liver.

24
Q

Immunoglobulins (Antibodies)

IgG

Study These Flashcards
A

Granulocytes and greatest number 75%

  • found in bloodborne and tissue infections
  • protects against viral and bacterial infections
25
Immunoglobulins (Antibodies) IgA
Air and absorption 15% - found in lungs, GI, saliva, tears - protects lungs and GI from infection and prevents antigen absorption from food
26
Immunoglobulins (Antibodies) IgM
Miserable 10% - found in blood and lymph - first one on site in response to new viral or bacterial infection - activates complement system
27
Immunoglobulins (Antibodies) IgE
Anti-histamine 0.004% Released in response to allergic reaction or hypersensitivity and combats parasitic infection
28
Immunoglobulins (Antibodies) IgD
Differentiation 0.2% B cells differentiate and enhanced antigen binding for antibodies (so antibodies bind to antigens easier when they bind to them and stop them from working and make them innert)
29
Complement system
- inflammation - enhances ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear antigens from organisms and complement factors come from the liver - causes lysis of bacteria and viruses
30
Variables that affect immune system function
Age - organ system and immune system are more susceptible to illness and dysfunction Gender - women get more autoimmune disease than men except during pregnancy Nutrition - must maintain adequate diet Presence of condition or history of illness and immunizations Allergies Psychoneuroimmunological factors - emotional stress
31
Vaccines
- killed - live attenuated: harmful properties are disabled but it's still alive - toxoid: harmful properties are disabled
32
Side Effects of Vaccines
- Redness/irritation of site - Fever - Contraindicated for immunocompromised people because they may not be able to handle it - anaphylaxis
33
Interferons
Have antiviral and anti tumor properties
34
Garlic has antibacterial properties
Garlic has antibacterial properties
35
Allergen
Causes allergic reaction
36
Atopy
Allergic response characterized by IgE Tendency to develop allergic diseases and heightened immune response to common allergens
37
Allergic Reaction Process
Allergen binds to B-cell and triggers release of IgE, IgE binds to mast cell and mast cells releases chemicals and you get symptoms (like swelled throat or any other allergic reaction symptom like redness of skin)
38
Hypersensitivity
Excessive immune response
39
Chemical Mediators
Primary - histamine - Eosinophils: chemotactic factor for anaphylaxis - platelet clotting factor - prostaglandins Secondary - leukotrienes - bradykinin - serotonin
40
If the patient knows they are allergic to something like Pencillin then ask them what type of reaction they get when they take Penicillin.
What is the reaction you get when you take Penicillin or whatever.
41
Skin Allergy Test
Done by ID Read wheal and make sure there is no protrusion of bleh after 48 hours
42
Reaction to allergy test
- give O2 if needed - epinephrine for anaphylaxis - antihistamine and corticosteroids
43
Epipen must be followed by Epinephrine IV
Epipen must be followed by Epinephrine IV
44
Allergic Rhinits
Type 1 Person does not know what they are allergic to and does not adopt right lifestyle Impaired breathing Accumulation of sinus fluids can cause infection

Med-Surge (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions