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IMMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

DEFENDS THE HOST AGAINST PATHOGENS

USES DIFFERENT recognition systems to effectively eliminate the invading pathogen or its product.

A

IMMUNE SYSTEM

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2
Q

function of complement

A

cell lysis

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3
Q

2 components of immunity

A

INNATE IMMUNITY AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

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4
Q

ALSO CALLED AS NATURAL IMMUNITY

A

INNATE IMMUNITY

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5
Q

ALSO CALLED AS ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

A

adaptive immunity

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6
Q

IMMEDIATE RESPONSE TO THE PATHOGEN THAT DOES NOT CONFER LONG-LASTING PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY

A

innate immunity

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7
Q

IMMUNE RESPONSE CAN BE ANTIBODY MEDIATED (HUMORAL), CELL MEDIATED (CELLULAR) OR BOTH THAT TAKES SEVERAL DAYS TO RESPOND

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

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8
Q
A

natural immunity

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9
Q

also called as non-specific

A

innate immunity

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10
Q

also called as adaptive immunity

A

specific

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11
Q

these are considered non-adaptive ornon-specific and are the same for all pathogensor foreign substances to which one is exposed.

A

natural immunity

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12
Q

present at birth and is activated in the same manner each time the individual is subject to challenge

A

natural immunity

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13
Q

a type of resistace that is characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen, or microbial agent, and the ability to remember a prior exposure, which results in an increased response upon repeated exposure

A

acquired immunity (so unu pangilahan mo dii???)

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14
Q
  • response to foreign antigenic stimulus
  • results in acquisition of immunologic memory and the production of antibody
  • reacts specificall with the antigen that caused its production.
A

acquired immunity

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15
Q

what are the cells in natural immunity

A

granular: neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, dentritic cells

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16
Q

cell surface receptors:

A

innate immune system & adaptive immune system

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17
Q

a limited number of “hard-wired” pattern recognition receptors.

A

innate immune system

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18
Q

an enormous number of somatically generated receptors via gene rearrangement.

A

adaptive immune system

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19
Q 
\+type of immunity
\+specificity
\+effective immediately after exposure to microbe
\+improves after exposure
\+has memory
A 
innate, adaptive
nonspecific, highly specific
yes acts within minutes, no several days before becoming effective
no, yes
no, yes
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20
Q

firstline of defence and second line of defense

A

innate immunty

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21
Q

third line of defense

A

adaptive immunity

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22
Q

external defense system

A

first line of defense,

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23
Q

internal defense system

A

2nd & 3rd line of defense

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24
Q

composed of structural barriers that prevent most infectious agents frm entering the body

A

first line of defense

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25
physical char. in first line of defense
skin and mucosal membrane suraces
26
biochemical char i 1st line of defense
lactic acid fatty acids ucous secretions lysozome
27
what defenses have in this part of the body: - ear - eyes - nasal cavity - mouth cavity - skin - trachea and bronchi - urethra - stomach - vagina - anus
``` ear=cerumen eyes=tears nasal cavity=hairs and mucous trap org. mouthcavity=mucous mem. traps microorg skin=impervious barrier trachea and bronchi=mucous layer traps micro. urethra=urine anus=mucous membrane stomach=acidic juices vagina=acidic secretions ```
28
both cells and soluble factors play essential parts | - i
second line of defense
29
it recognizes molecules that areacquired to infectious organisms
s2nd line of defense
30
what are the cellular cells in 2nd line of defense?
mast cells neutrophil macrophages natural iller cells
31
what are the humoral cells in 2nd line of defense
complement acute phase reactants, defenins iterferon (and and B)
32
in the third line of defense, what are the cellular cells and the humoral cells?
cellular - T lumphocytes - b lymphocytes - plasma cells humoral -antibodies and cytokines
33
what are the components of natural immunity?
cellular humoral acute phase reactants inflammation
34
blood cells that responds to bacterial infection
neutrophil
35
responds to parasitic and helminthic infections and allergy
eosinophils
36
neutralizes basophil's and mast cell's products Histamine)
eosinophils
37
responds to allergic & hypersensitivity reactions
basophils
38
basophils attached in tissue
mast cells
39
becomes macropges when they migrate to the tissues
monocyte
40
2 types of macrophage
fixed and wandering
41
this type of macrophage is like a checkposts that will not allow the intruder to enter critical locations in the body
fixed macrophage
42
are roaming connective tissue throughout the body
wandering macrophage
43
covered with long membranous extensions
dendritic cells
44
phagocytize antigen and present it to helper T lymphocytes
dendritic cells
45
most ptent phagocytic cell in the tissue
dendritic cells
46
most ptent phagocytic cell in the tissue
dendritic cells
47
most ptent phagocytic cell in the tissue
dendritic cells
47
most potent phagocytic cell in the tissue
dendritic cells
48
- large graular lyphocytes - provides protection against viruses - mdeiate cytolytic reactions and kill target cells without prior exposure
natural killercells
49
2 types of NK cells
lectin-like NK cell receptors | killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs)
50
kills extracellular organisms only.
phagocyytosis
51
stages of phagocytosis
- initiation stage - chemotaxis - engulfment - digestion - excretion
52
adherence of the bacterium to the phagocyte
initiation
53
activates the TLR (TLR is where organisms attach)
initiation
54
TLR1
mycobacteria
55
TLR2
gram +=gram+ bacteria
56
TLR4
gram - = gram negative bacteria
57
TLR4
gram - = gram negative bacteria
58
TLR4
gram - = gram negative bacteria
58
a process by which cells tends to move in a certain direction under the stimulation of chemical substances
cheotaxis
59
two effects of chemotaxis:
=chemotaxis - cells that may move toward the stimulating substance -chemotaxis = cells move away from the stimulating substance
60
what does Tlr mean?
toll line receptors
61
a protein foundd in a fruitfly
toll
62
it plays an important role in antifungal immunity in the adult fly.
drosophiliaa
63
where is the hghest receptors of the TLR?
monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils
64
enclosing pathogen into a phagocytic vacuole/phagosome
engulfments
65
opsonins
C3b
66
te granules then release their contents
digestion / degranulation
67
macrophage to move uses: | -the macophage moves
chemotaxis
68
substances releaased by the cells
cytokines
69
IL that is a mediator the host inflammatory response in natural immunity
IL-1
70
synthesized by mononuclear phagocytes.response to IL-1
IL-6
71
derived from antigen ativated T cells. - chemotactic factor of neutrophils - principal secondary mediators of inflammation
IL-8
72
the principal mediator of the host response to gram - bacteria -against tumr cells and virally infected cells
tumor necrosis actor
73
- inhibits the synthesis of viral RNA and proteins - inhibition of B cell activation and antibody production - enhancement of T-cell activity and natural killercells
interferon
74
stimulate leuocyte movement and are synthesized by a variety of ell types including macrophages and endothelial cells
chemokines
75
contains a heat stable catioic substance with antibacterial activity - substance that is released by platelets during coagulation
betalysins
76
plays a rolee in cytolytic destruction of cellular antigen by specific antibodies
complement system
77
lysis of foreign organisms is an important defense mechanism agaist microbial infection
cytolysis
78
immune adherence (what complement)
C3b
79
complement in immunoconglutinin
C4
80
complement in immunoconglutinin
C4
80
complement in immunoconglutinin
C4
81
complement in immunoconglutinin
C4
82
HIGHLY POSITIVE CHARGED PEPTIDES that create pores in the membranes of bacteria and therby kill them -locatde primarily in the GI and lower respiratory tracts.
defensins
83
are plasma proteins that increase during the apr of inflammation
acute phase reactants
84
an overall reaction of the body to injury or invasion by an infectious agent
inflammation
85
functions of iflammation:
- to destroy injurious agent - to limit effects on the body (confining & walling off injurious agent) - to repair or replace tissue damaged by the injurious agent
86
what are the cardinal signs of inflammation:
``` ruor calor dolor tumor function laesa ```
87
``` english term o: _calor -dolor -rubor -tumor -functio Laesa ```
``` calor=heat dolor=pain ruor=redness tumor=swelling functio laesa=loss of function ```
88
primary objective of inflammation
to localie and eradicate the irritant and repair surrounding tissue
89
stages occur in inflammation:
vascular response | cellular rresposeresoultion nd repair
90
the capillary dilates, inflammation begins - increaed blood supply - increased capillary permeability
vascular response
91
migratio ofpmns from the capillaries | -migration of macrophages to the injured site
cellular respose
92
initiated by fibroblast proliferation
resolution and repair

immunology & serology (3 decks)

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