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immunology & serology > IMMUNE SYSTEM > Flashcards

IMMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

DEFENDS THE HOST AGAINST PATHOGENS

USES DIFFERENT recognition systems to effectively eliminate the invading pathogen or its product.

A

IMMUNE SYSTEM

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2
Q

function of complement

A

cell lysis

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3
Q

2 components of immunity

A

INNATE IMMUNITY AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

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4
Q

ALSO CALLED AS NATURAL IMMUNITY

A

INNATE IMMUNITY

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5
Q

ALSO CALLED AS ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

A

adaptive immunity

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6
Q

IMMEDIATE RESPONSE TO THE PATHOGEN THAT DOES NOT CONFER LONG-LASTING PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY

A

innate immunity

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7
Q

IMMUNE RESPONSE CAN BE ANTIBODY MEDIATED (HUMORAL), CELL MEDIATED (CELLULAR) OR BOTH THAT TAKES SEVERAL DAYS TO RESPOND

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

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8
Q
A

natural immunity

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9
Q

also called as non-specific

A

innate immunity

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10
Q

also called as adaptive immunity

A

specific

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11
Q

these are considered non-adaptive ornon-specific and are the same for all pathogensor foreign substances to which one is exposed.

A

natural immunity

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12
Q

present at birth and is activated in the same manner each time the individual is subject to challenge

A

natural immunity

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13
Q

a type of resistace that is characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen, or microbial agent, and the ability to remember a prior exposure, which results in an increased response upon repeated exposure

A

acquired immunity (so unu pangilahan mo dii???)

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14
Q
  • response to foreign antigenic stimulus
  • results in acquisition of immunologic memory and the production of antibody
  • reacts specificall with the antigen that caused its production.
A

acquired immunity

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15
Q

what are the cells in natural immunity

A

granular: neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, dentritic cells

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16
Q

cell surface receptors:

A

innate immune system & adaptive immune system

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17
Q

a limited number of “hard-wired” pattern recognition receptors.

A

innate immune system

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18
Q

an enormous number of somatically generated receptors via gene rearrangement.

A

adaptive immune system

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19
Q 
\+type of immunity
\+specificity
\+effective immediately after exposure to microbe
\+improves after exposure
\+has memory
A 
innate, adaptive
nonspecific, highly specific
yes acts within minutes, no several days before becoming effective
no, yes
no, yes
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20
Q

firstline of defence and second line of defense

A

innate immunty

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21
Q

third line of defense

A

adaptive immunity

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22
Q

external defense system

A

first line of defense,

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23
Q

internal defense system

A

2nd & 3rd line of defense

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24
Q

composed of structural barriers that prevent most infectious agents frm entering the body

A

first line of defense

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25
Q

physical char. in first line of defense

A

skin and mucosal membrane suraces

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26
Q

biochemical char i 1st line of defense

A

lactic acid
fatty acids
ucous secretions
lysozome

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27
Q

what defenses have in this part of the body:

  • ear
  • eyes
  • nasal cavity
  • mouth cavity
  • skin
  • trachea and bronchi
  • urethra
  • stomach
  • vagina
  • anus
A 
ear=cerumen
eyes=tears
nasal cavity=hairs and mucous trap org.
mouthcavity=mucous mem. traps microorg
skin=impervious barrier
trachea and bronchi=mucous layer traps micro.
urethra=urine
anus=mucous membrane
stomach=acidic juices
vagina=acidic secretions
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28
Q

both cells and soluble factors play essential parts

- i

A

second line of defense

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29
Q

it recognizes molecules that areacquired to infectious organisms

A

s2nd line of defense

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30
Q

what are the cellular cells in 2nd line of defense?

A

mast cells
neutrophil
macrophages
natural iller cells

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31
Q

what are the humoral cells in 2nd line of defense

A

complement
acute phase reactants, defenins
iterferon (and and B)

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32
Q

in the third line of defense, what are the cellular cells and the humoral cells?

A

cellular

  • T lumphocytes
  • b lymphocytes
  • plasma cells

humoral
-antibodies and cytokines

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33
Q

what are the components of natural immunity?

A

cellular
humoral
acute phase reactants
inflammation

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34
Q

blood cells that responds to bacterial infection

A

neutrophil

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35
Q

responds to parasitic and helminthic infections and allergy

A

eosinophils

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36
Q

neutralizes basophil’s and mast cell’s products Histamine)

A

eosinophils

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37
Q

responds to allergic & hypersensitivity reactions

A

basophils

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38
Q

basophils attached in tissue

A

mast cells

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39
Q

becomes macropges when they migrate to the tissues

A

monocyte

40
Q

2 types of macrophage

A

fixed and wandering

41
Q

this type of macrophage is like a checkposts that will not allow the intruder to enter critical locations in the body

A

fixed macrophage

42
Q

are roaming connective tissue throughout the body

A

wandering macrophage

43
Q

covered with long membranous extensions

A

dendritic cells

44
Q

phagocytize antigen and present it to helper T lymphocytes

A

dendritic cells

45
Q

most ptent phagocytic cell in the tissue

A

dendritic cells

46
Q

most ptent phagocytic cell in the tissue

A

dendritic cells

47
Q

most ptent phagocytic cell in the tissue

A

dendritic cells

47
Q

most potent phagocytic cell in the tissue

A

dendritic cells

48
Q
  • large graular lyphocytes
  • provides protection against viruses
  • mdeiate cytolytic reactions and kill target cells without prior exposure
A

natural killercells

49
Q

2 types of NK cells

A

lectin-like NK cell receptors

killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs)

50
Q

kills extracellular organisms only.

A

phagocyytosis

51
Q

stages of phagocytosis

A
  • initiation stage
  • chemotaxis
  • engulfment
  • digestion
  • excretion
52
Q

adherence of the bacterium to the phagocyte

A

initiation

53
Q

activates the TLR (TLR is where organisms attach)

A

initiation

54
Q

TLR1

A

mycobacteria

55
Q

TLR2

A

gram +=gram+ bacteria

56
Q

TLR4

A

gram - = gram negative bacteria

57
Q

TLR4

A

gram - = gram negative bacteria

58
Q

TLR4

A

gram - = gram negative bacteria

58
Q

a process by which cells tends to move in a certain direction under the stimulation of chemical substances

A

cheotaxis

59
Q

two effects of chemotaxis:

A

=chemotaxis - cells that may move toward the stimulating substance
-chemotaxis = cells move away from the stimulating substance

60
Q

what does Tlr mean?

A

toll line receptors

61
Q

a protein foundd in a fruitfly

A

toll

62
Q

it plays an important role in antifungal immunity in the adult fly.

A

drosophiliaa

63
Q

where is the hghest receptors of the TLR?

A

monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils

64
Q

enclosing pathogen into a phagocytic vacuole/phagosome

A

engulfments

65
Q

opsonins

A

C3b

66
Q

te granules then release their contents

A

digestion / degranulation

67
Q

macrophage to move uses:

-the macophage moves

A

chemotaxis

68
Q

substances releaased by the cells

A

cytokines

69
Q

IL that is a mediator the host inflammatory response in natural immunity

A

IL-1

70
Q

synthesized by mononuclear phagocytes.response to IL-1

A

IL-6

71
Q

derived from antigen ativated T cells.

  • chemotactic factor of neutrophils
  • principal secondary mediators of inflammation
A

IL-8

72
Q

the principal mediator of the host response to gram - bacteria
-against tumr cells and virally infected cells

A

tumor necrosis actor

73
Q
  • inhibits the synthesis of viral RNA and proteins
  • inhibition of B cell activation and antibody production
  • enhancement of T-cell activity and natural killercells
A

interferon

74
Q

stimulate leuocyte movement and are synthesized by a variety of ell types including macrophages and endothelial cells

A

chemokines

75
Q

contains a heat stable catioic substance with antibacterial activity
- substance that is released by platelets during coagulation

A

betalysins

76
Q

plays a rolee in cytolytic destruction of cellular antigen by specific antibodies

A

complement system

77
Q

lysis of foreign organisms is an important defense mechanism agaist microbial infection

A

cytolysis

78
Q

immune adherence (what complement)

A

C3b

79
Q

complement in immunoconglutinin

A

C4

80
Q

complement in immunoconglutinin

A

C4

80
Q

complement in immunoconglutinin

A

C4

81
Q

complement in immunoconglutinin

A

C4

82
Q

HIGHLY POSITIVE CHARGED PEPTIDES that create pores in the membranes of bacteria and therby kill them
-locatde primarily in the GI and lower respiratory tracts.

A

defensins

83
Q

are plasma proteins that increase during the apr of inflammation

A

acute phase reactants

84
Q

an overall reaction of the body to injury or invasion by an infectious agent

A

inflammation

85
Q

functions of iflammation:

A
  • to destroy injurious agent
  • to limit effects on the body (confining & walling off injurious agent)
  • to repair or replace tissue damaged by the injurious agent
86
Q

what are the cardinal signs of inflammation:

A 
ruor
calor
dolor
tumor
function laesa
87
Q 
english term o:
_calor
-dolor
-rubor
-tumor
-functio Laesa
A 
calor=heat
dolor=pain
ruor=redness
tumor=swelling
functio laesa=loss of function
88
Q

primary objective of inflammation

A

to localie and eradicate the irritant and repair surrounding tissue

89
Q

stages occur in inflammation:

A

vascular response

cellular rresposeresoultion nd repair

90
Q

the capillary dilates, inflammation begins

  • increaed blood supply
  • increased capillary permeability
A

vascular response

91
Q

migratio ofpmns from the capillaries

-migration of macrophages to the injured site

A

cellular respose

92
Q

initiated by fibroblast proliferation

A

resolution and repair

immunology & serology (3 decks)

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