Immune system

Question 1

Main cells of the immune system:

Answer 1

• Monocytes
• Macrophages
• Lymphocytes

Question 2

2 branches of the immune system:

Answer 2

Innate and adaptive

Question 3

Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 3

• Thymus
• Bone marrow

Question 4

Secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 4

• Lymph nodes
• Spleen
• Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

Question 5

Primary function of GALT

Answer 5

Help to protect the body from pathogens and foreign substances that are ingested through food and drink

Question 6

What is an antigen?

Answer 6

Molecule or molecular structure that is recognized by the immune system as foreign or non-self

Question 7

Where can antigens be found?

Answer 7

Surface of pathogens like bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites

Question 8

What does antigens do?

Answer 8

They are capable of eliciting the production of antibodies or activating immune cells

Question 9

What are some nonspecific cells in the innate immune response:

Answer 9

• Phagocytes
• Natural killer cells

Question 10

Primary types of APC’s

Answer 10

• Dendritic cells
• Macrophages
• B cells

Question 11

How are the leukocytes form?

Answer 11

Form by hematopoiesis in bone marrow

Question 12

Example of myeloid cells:

Answer 12

• Neutrophils
• Basophils
• Monocytes
• Dendritic cells
• Macrophages

Question 13

What do myeloid cells contribute:

Answer 13

Innate response

Question 14

What do lymphoid cells contribute:

Answer 14

Adaptive response

Question 15

Classification of immune cells:

Answer 15

• Phagocytes
• Granulocytes
• Antigen-presenting cells

Estudien la tabla:)

Question 16

What happens in graves?

Answer 16

Increase hyperthyroidism

Question 17

What happens in Hashimoto?

Answer 17

Decrease hypothyroidism

Question 18

Type I in Coombs and Gell’s classification:

Answer 18

Allergy, acute hypersensitivity

Question 19

Type II in Coombs and Gell’s classification:

Answer 19

Antibody -dependent cytotoxicity

Question 20

Type III in Coombs and Gell’s classification:

Answer 20

Immune complex disease

Question 21

Type IV in Coombs and Gell’s classification:

Answer 21

Delayed type of hypersensitivity/ cell-mediated immune memory response

Question 22

Characteristics of the hyperacute rejection

Answer 22

• Minutes after transplant
• Initiated by humoral immunity

Question 23

Characteristics of acute rejection

Answer 23

• Highest risk window one week to three months after transplant
• Mediated by cellular immunity

Question 24

Characteristics of chronic rejection

Answer 24

• Months to years after transplantation
• Fibrosis of blood vessels

Question 25

Examples of endothelial cells:

Answer 25

- Adenosine - ATP - Endothelin-1

Question 26

Where are located the baroreceptors:

Answer 26

Aortic arch and carotid sinus

Question 27

How is the kidney regulation?

Answer 27

Acute and chronic

Question 28

Description of systolic disfunction:

Answer 28

When the heart can't pump hard enough

Question 29

Description of the diastolic dysfunction:

Answer 29

When the heart can't fill enough