Immune System

Question 1

What are some modes of Transmission of disease?

Answer 1

Direct - person to person, droplet
Indirect - vector (insects), airbourne (suspended in the air), contaminated objects, contaminated food and drink

Question 2

Does all microorganisms cause disease?

Answer 2

No, there are infectious and non-infectious types of diseases

Question 3

Antibiotics can only act on what?

Answer 3

Bacteria

Question 4

Are bacteria, viruses, fungi living?

Answer 4

Everything is living except viruses

Question 5

What is the treatment for bacteria, viruses and fungi?

Answer 5

Antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals

Question 6

Examples for bacteria, viruses and fungi?

Answer 6

Bacteria - strep throat, UTI
Viruses - Covid-19, Flu, cold
Fungi - Athlete’s foot, ringworms

Question 7

Can bacteria, viruses and fungi spread?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Examples of microorganisms?

Answer 8

bacteria, viruses and fungi

Question 9

Innate immune response

Answer 9

General and non-specific does not differentiate between types of pathogens

Question 10

Adaptive immune response

Answer 10

Specific and tailored to each pathogen

Question 11

Blood is made up of?

Answer 11

Red, white blood cells, plasma, platelets

Question 12

First line of defence is innate or adaptive?

Answer 12

Innate

Question 13

Second line of defence is innate or adaptive?

Answer 13

Innate

Question 14

Third line of defence is innate or adaptive?

Answer 14

Adaptive

Question 15

What is the first line of defence?

Answer 15

Physical and chemical barriers
- Skin acting as a barrier between the pathogens found in the environment and in your body.
Examples include: mucus, tears, saliva

Question 16

What is the second line of defence?

Answer 16

Internal non-specific defences
- Includes the little white blood cells that take up pathogens which have entered the body
- Would eat up any pathogen
- Examples include inflammation

Question 17

What is the third line of defence?

Answer 17

Internal specific defences
- Third line of defence can create a memory of the pathogen
Third type of white blood cell called lymphocytes such as B and T cells

Question 18

Difference between antigens and antibodies?

Answer 18

Antigens are foreign substances that enter the body, while antibodies are proteins that attack and fight off these antigens

Question 19

What are antigens?

Answer 19

Antigens are substances that prompt the body’s immune response against them. They include bacteria, and viruses

Question 20

What are antibodies?

Answer 20

Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins produced by the body when it detects antigens. They are produced by immune cells called B cells.

Question 21

What is a Phagocyte?

Answer 21

Phagocyte, type of cell that has the ability to ingest, and sometimes digest, foreign particles, such as bacteria, carbon, dust, or dye

Question 22

What are vaccines?

Answer 22

They contain killed or weakened versions of pathogens

Question 23

Two types of vaccines?

Answer 23

Live attenuated vaccines - are made up of a weakened version of the actual pathogen
Inactivated vaccines - made up of either whole parts of pathogens that have been killed

Question 24

Difference between natural and artificial immunity?

Answer 24

Natural: from the body that the immune system does
Artificial: medicine such as vaccines