Immune system

Question 1

bacteria with pepitodoglycan without outer membrane

Answer 1

Gram +

Question 2

EXOtoxin is secreted by ___________ bacteria

Answer 2

live

Question 3

makes EXOtoxin

Answer 3

gram + bacteria

Question 4

Two examples of EXOotoxin

Answer 4

Boulinum toxin

Tetanus toxin

Question 5

two gram + bacilli bacteria that form spores

Answer 5

clostridium- anaerobic

Bacillus- Aerobic Anthrax

Question 6

most common human infection

Answer 6

staph aures : nosocomial disease

Question 7

2nd most common human infection

Answer 7

MRSA+

Question 8

What are the gram + cocci

Answer 8

staophylococcus

streptococcus

Question 9

What are gram + bacilli

Answer 9

Clostridium

Bacillus

Listeria

Question 10

ENDOtoxin is released by __________ bacteria

Answer 10

dead

Question 11

what uses ENDOtoxin

Answer 11

Gram-

Question 12

an example of an ENDOtoxin

Answer 12

LPS (lipopolysaccharide)

Question 13

why is a gram - bacteria pale on a gram stain?

Answer 13

the pepitodglycan has an outer layer that the stain cannot penetrate

Question 14

gram - cocci in pairs

Answer 14

Neisseria Ghonnerhea

Question 15

if we wipe out gram negative we will wipe out 2 of the most plentiful gut bacteria - c diff may come in and take over, wheat are they

Answer 15

E coli

Bacteroides

Question 16

Aerobic, Gram -, grows everywhere

Answer 16

E. Coli

Question 17

most common bacteria in body

Answer 17

bacteroides

Question 18

super powers that can be shared LATERALLY

Answer 18

plasmids

Question 19

antibiotic resistance happens quickly

Answer 19

plasmids- because they share laterally

Question 20

plasmids can go to bacteria of _____________

Answer 20

Other species

Question 21

used by drug companies to make peptide drugs like insulin

Answer 21

plasmids

Question 22

part that sticks off plasmid and grabs the other bacteria

Answer 22

Pilus

Question 23

small piece of DNA that gives bacteria superpowers

Answer 23

Plasmids

Question 24

what does a iron look for?

Answer 24

a surface protein that is SPECIES and Cell Specific

Question 25

after a viron finds its surface protein what does it do?

Answer 25

it binds to the cell to gain entry

Question 26

once a viron is inside the cell what does it do?

Answer 26

Sheds its capsid which: 1. exposes its genetic material 2 genetic material is inserted into host DNA - or in some cases RNA in cytoplasm

Question 27

two components of a viron

Answer 27

genetic material capsid (shell)

Question 28

what is present on some viruses to make them much hardier?

Answer 28

Envelope

Question 29

A virus will use our machinery to make the _________ and make copies of______________. This process is called ______________and it happens in the ___________.

Answer 29

viral proteins viral DNA/RNA Assembly and maturation nucleus

Question 30

what happens after assembly and maturation?

Answer 30

Virus takes the host cells plasma membrane and is released (many more)

Question 31

what is a positive aspect of a virus

Answer 31

~5% of out DNA is viruses we have acquired. they can be used for gene therapy

Question 32

filamentus, grow as multinucleate branching hyphae forming mycelium

Answer 32

Molds

Question 33

ringworm

Answer 33

mold

Question 34

grow as ovoid or spherical, are a single cell and multiply by budding division

Answer 34

yeasts

Question 35

Most common nosocomial fungal infection is highly aerobic immunocompromised patients Respiratory infection

Answer 35

Aspergillus Supp

Question 36

tinea capitis

Answer 36

itchy head skin fungus

Question 37

tinea pedis

Answer 37

athletes foot, skin fungus

Question 38

Tinea Curis

Answer 38

jock itch fungus

Question 39

yeast in normal gut flora that usually doesn't cause problems

Answer 39

Candida Albicans

Question 40

histoplasma

Answer 40

yeast

Question 41

causes opportunistic infections like thrush and yeast infections

Answer 41

Candida Albicans

Question 42

bacteria on skin and lungs is usually

Answer 42

aerobic bacteria

Question 43

need oxygen for oxidative phosphorilation

Answer 43

aerobic bacteria

Question 44

if the don't have o2 they die

Answer 44

aerobic bacteria

Question 45

need some o2 but too much will kill them

Answer 45

microaerobic bacteria

Question 46

microaerobic bacteria is usually found

Answer 46

in the GI tract

Question 47

can use 02 if they have it, but can survive without it

Answer 47

Facultative Anaerobes

Question 48

Cannot tolerate 02, it kills them

Answer 48

Obligate anaerobic bacteria