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IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY > IMMUNE SYSTEM AND NATURE OF IMMUNITY > Flashcards

IMMUNE SYSTEM AND NATURE OF IMMUNITY Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

It is defined as resistance to disease specifically infectious diseases

A

Immunology

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2
Q

method of scratching the skin and applying pulverized powder from small pox

A

variolation (innoculation)

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3
Q

method of scratching the skin and applying pulverized powder from small pox

A

variolation (inoculation)

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4
Q

live attenuated vaccine was discovered by

A

Luis Pasteur (1880-1881)

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5
Q

virus/ bacteria are weekend through exposure to modifying conditions such as

A

-chemical treatment
-aging
-hot temp
-cold temp
-repeated in vitro passage

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6
Q

vaccinia pertains to

A

cowpox

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7
Q

variola major

A

small pox

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8
Q

variola minor

A

alastrim

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9
Q

it is a form of immunoprophylaxis
-an antigen suspension derived from a pathogen

A

Vaccine

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10
Q

pertains to live pathogen that have been weakened

A

Attenuate

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11
Q

pertains to killed microorganism

A

Inactivated

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12
Q

Bacterial toxins that have been chemically inactivated so the they are not pathogenic

A

Toxoid

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13
Q

Biochemically purified components of a microorganism

A

Purified components

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14
Q

Factors affect the quality of immune response to a vaccine antigen `

A

Age
individual’s immune status
nature of vaccine

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15
Q

small pox vaccination

A

Edward jenner

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16
Q

live attenuated

A

Luis pasteur

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17
Q

cellular immunity through phagocytosis

A

Ellie metchnikoff

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18
Q

Antibody formation theory

A

Paul ehrlich

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19
Q

development of polio vaccine

A

Jonas salk and Albert bruce sabin

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20
Q

Vaccine againts yellow fever

A

walter reed

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21
Q

clonal selection theory

A

Sir Macfarlene Burnet

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22
Q

First monoclonal antibodies

A

George J.F. Kohler

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23
Q

A phenomenon in which exposure to one agent produces protection against another agent is known as

A

cross-immunity

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24
Q

-present at birth
-standardized response for all antigen
-lacks memory
-not specific
-immediate response
-responsible for the first and second defense in the body

A

Natural/ innate immunity

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25
-not present at birth -diverse response for each antigen -specific -slow (3-5) response -capable of recalling (memory) -responsible for the third line of defense
Acquired/ adaptive immunity
26
Whate are Mechanical barriers
Skin, mucous membrane, cilia, mucus
27
chemical barrier
lysozyme (tears and saliva)
28
Biological Mucosa
Skin, mucous membrane normal flora
29
primary inflammatory response
vasodilation
30
the process by which cells are capable of moving from the circulating blood to the tissues squeezing through the wall of a blood vessel
diapedesis/ white blood cell extravasation
31
resolution and repair is initiated by
Fibroblast proliferation
32
what are the cardinal signs of inflammation
-rubor=redness -dolor=pain -calor= heat -tumor= swelling
33
it is loss or diminished function
functio laesa
34
natural exposure , infection
active natural
35
vaccination
Active artifcial
36
mother to fetus
Passive natural
37
injection of artificial serum/antibody coming form other sources such as animal
Passive artificial
38
-long term immunity -slow response -immune system is challebge
active
39
-short term immunity but immediate response -antibody is readily available -immune system is not challenge
passive
40
key cell involve in the adaptive immune response
lymphocyte
41
T cells exposed to antigen
Activated T cells
42
Receptor of IL 2
CD 25
43
it produces cytokines/lymphokines
Sensitized T cells
44
gene coding for the MHC molecules in humans are found on the short arm of
chromosome 6
45
MHC molecules are produced/ synthesized in the
rough endoplasmic reticulum
46
fragment of antigen binding
FAb
47
fragments of crystallizable
FC region
48
the carboxy terminal end of each chain contains the
constant region
49
the amino terminal end of each chain contains the
variable region
50
an immortal cell capable of producing indefinite sequence of nucleotides
Hybridoma
51
surfactant used in Hybridoma
PEG (polyethylene glycol)
52
order of discovery for complement system
C 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
53
order of activation in complement system
C 1,4,2,3,5,6,7,8,9
54
Act as powerful opsonin
C3b
55
Act as chemotaxin
C5a
56
Acts a anaphylatoxin
c3a, c4a,c5a
57
C3 convertase for classical and lectin
C4b2a
58
C3 convertase for alternative pathway
C3bBb
59
C5 convertase for classical and lectin
C4b2a3b
60
C3 convertase for alternative pathway
C3bBb3b
61
key determinant in all pathway and the most concentrated complement component
C3
62
most common deficiency of complement components
C2 (lupus-like syndrome; recurrent infections, atherosclerosis
63
Most severe deficiency of complement components
C3 (severe recurrent infection, glomerulonephritis (S.pyogenes infection)
64
defined as Heightened state of immune responsiveness
Hypersensitivity reaction
65
no antibody is detectable
lag phase
66
the antibody titer increases logarithmically
Log phase
67
the antibody stabilizes
plateau phase
68
the antibody catabolizes
decline phase

IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY (3 decks)

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