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IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY > AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER and IMMUNOASSAY > Flashcards

AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER and IMMUNOASSAY Flashcards

1
Q

the ability of the immune system to accept self-antigens and not initiate a response against them

A

Self-tolerance

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2
Q

T/F
women are more affected than man due to hormonal influence

A

true

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3
Q

S1: estrogens favors type 2 helper cell , resulting in more B-cell activation and antibody production
S2: androgen favor type 1 helper cell response with the activation of Cd8+ T cella

A

Both are true

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4
Q

T/F
Prolactin, can stimulate both humoral and cell mediated immune response

A

True

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5
Q

transfer of tissue within the same individual

A

Autograft

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6
Q

most immunogenic transplant tissue

A

Bone marrow
Bone
Skin
Heart
Islet of langerhans
Lungs
Kidney
Xenogeneic valve replacement

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7
Q

least immunogenic transplant tissue

A

Cornea

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8
Q

Transfer of cells or tissues to a genetically identically identical individual but of the same species (identical human twins)

A

Syngeneic (ISO) graft

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9
Q

transfer of cells or tissues to a genetically non-identical member of the same species (family member)

A

Allograft

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10
Q

transfer of cells or tissues to member of a different species

A

Xenograft (heterograft)

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11
Q

associated with the presence of anti-microsomal antibodies (also known as anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
-decrease thyroid hormone, Increase TSH

A

Hashimoto disease

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12
Q

Characterized by hyperplasia and diffuse goiter, exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
caused by an thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin or ANTI-TSH

A

Grave’s disease

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13
Q

a neuromuscular disease characterized by non-functional nerve muscle
-characterized by presence of anti-acetylcholine receptor which block nerve impulses and can initiate damage to nuerons

A

myansthenia gravis

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14
Q

Characterized by demyelinization of the nerves due to the presence of ANTI-MYELIN SHEATH

A

Multiple sclerosia

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15
Q

-characterized by destruction of the islet cells in the pancreas resulting in insulin deficiency

A

Type 1 diabetes

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16
Q

describe as an antibody against another antibody, specifically described as an IgM antibody that acts against the Fc portion of an IgG

A

Rheumatoid factor

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17
Q

are globulins that reversibly precipitates at cold temperature (4c)
-not specific, can be found in various autoimmune conditions

A

Cryoglobulin

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18
Q

interaction between a particulate antigen with an antibody

A

Agglutination reaction

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19
Q

interaction between a soluble antigen with antibody

A

Precipitation

20
Q

interaction between a antigen, antibody and labeled

A

Labeled immunoassay

21
Q

involves RNA and DNA analysis

A

nucleic acid test

22
Q

it has more antigen binding site, and agglutinates more quickly

A

IgM

23
Q

occurs when concentration of the antigen and antibody are both equal

A

Zone of equivalence

24
Q

occurs when particles in suspension clump together due to antibody-antigen interaction

A

Agglutination

25
Q

two step process of agglutination

A

Sensitization
lattice formation

26
Q

types of precipitation reaction in a fluid medium

A

Turbidimetry
Nephelometry

27
Q

is a measure of the turbidity or cloudiness of a solution
-measure light BLOCKED by suspension of particles
-measures reduction in light intensity caused by reflection, absorption, or scatter

A

Turbidimetry

28
Q

measure the light that is SCATTERED at a particular angle form the incident beam as it passes through a suspension.

A

Nephelometry

29
Q

Nephelometers typically measures light at what angle?

A

10 degrees to about 90 degrees

30
Q

what immunoglobulin cannot be measured using nephelometry

A

IgD

31
Q

only antigen is diffuses- the antibody is incorporated in the gel

A

Radial immunodiffusion

32
Q

both the antigen and antibody diffuses in the gel

A

Ouchterlony double diffusion

33
Q

positive result for radial immunodiffusion

A

formation of precipitin ring

34
Q

antigen antibody diffusion with the aid of electric current; use of electricity serves to accelerate the diffusion of antigen and antibody

A

Electrophoresis

35
Q

antigen antibody are allowed to diffuse on its own without the aid of electric current,

A

passive immunodiffusion

36
Q

also known as laurell electrophoresis
-antigen diffuse with the aid of electricity; antibody is incorporated in the gel

A

Rocket immunoelectrophoresis

37
Q

antigen and antibody are placed on opposite wells in an agar plate or slide
-an electric current is applied to accelerate the movement of the antigen and antibody

A

Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis

38
Q

method that uses antigens that are naturally attached to a particulate molecule to demonstrate agglutination

A

Direct agglutination

39
Q

the soluble antigen attached to a carrier particle producing agglutination

A

Passive or indirect agglutination

40
Q

the antibody is attached to a carrier particle, which produces agglutination in the presence of a specific soluble antigen

A

Reverse passive agglutination

41
Q

often used in pregnancy testing; positive result is the ABSENCE of agglutination

A

Agglutination inhibition

42
Q

makes use of anti-human globulin which serves as bridge to connect two non-agglutinating antibodies like IgG

A

AHG- mediated Agglutination Reaction

43
Q

an ANTIBODY excess, can cause false negative reaction

A

Prozone effect
[remedy: perform dilution]

44
Q

an ANTIGEN excess, can cause false negative reaction

A

Post-zone
[remedy: repeat the test after a week]

45
Q

STEPS IN AGGLUTINATION
it is the first reaction involves antigen-antibody combination through SINGLE ANTIGENIC determinants on the particle surface

A

sensitization phase

46
Q

STEPS IN AGGLUTINATION
representing the sum of interaction between antibody and MULTIPLE ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS ON A PARTICLE

A

lattice formation

IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY (3 decks)

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