Immune System - Non-specific Immune Response

Question 1

What is non-specific immunity

Answer 1

Body immune system kills any foreign molecule no matter what type it is

Question 2

1st line of defence (physical barrier)

Answer 2

Stomach acid - low pH
Goblet cell + cilia cell - brush mucous to stomach
Eye - eye lash to flick away, contain lysozyme to hydrolyse murine cell wall (like penicillin)
Skin - dead skin barrier + secrete oil slightly acidic
Microflora

Question 3

Inflammation

Answer 3

1)wound open pathogens rush into body
2)local mast cell detect this and secrete histamine
3)increase permeability of blood vessel - blood platelet, wbc in
4)WBC attack pathogens - neutrophil first then macrophage + clear up dead cell for new ones
5) platelet cause coagulation to form scab = less bleeding + no pathogen in

Question 4

Inflammation other info

Answer 4

Swelling, redness from blood, itchy as cell multiplying, hot to increase metabolic activity

If not killing pathogen quick enough - fever
-increase temperature to decrease metabolism of pathogens

Question 5

2 types of phagocyte

Answer 5

Ingest pathogen

Neutrophil - smaller, turn into pus after phagocytosis on dead cell or pathogen - single use

Macrophage - bigger, re-usable
-fixed macrophage = fixed to a tissue
-free = can move around body

Question 6

Phagocytosis

Answer 6

1) attract to chemotaxis (histamine) to injury site
2)endocytosis of pathogen into cell - form a phagosome vesicle around pathogen so can’t harm cell
3)lysosome vesicle containing digestive enzyme comes to pastime and fuse into phagolysosome
4)pathogen digested into residual body (waste)
5)exocytosis of waste

Question 7

Antigen presenting cell

Answer 7

Macrophages

Keep pathogen antigen on surface membrane
-for helper T cell to bind to - for specific immune response

Question 8

Natural killer cell

Answer 8

Type of lymphocyte

Cause apoptosis to cell without MHC 1 receptor
-injecting cytotoxin
-MHC1 allows for host cell recognition