Immune System - Specific Immune Response

Question 1

Specific immunity

Answer 1

Defense against specific pathogen
-require antigen recognition
-production of cell and antibodies that is complementary rate to antigen

Antibody - synthesis in response to foreign substance

Antigen - protein (glycoprotein) on surface membrane for recognition
-result in antibodies if foreign

Question 2

Properties of immunity

Answer 2

Specific - specific antibody to specific antigen

Adaptable - response to invader can shift

Memory - retain knowledge of pathogen

Tolerant - know what cell to leave alone + fight

Question 3

Cell mediated response (t-cell)

Answer 3

T lymphocytes originate in stem cell in bone marrow, mature in thymus gland

Attack cell infected by pathogen (virus)
-cancer
-transplanted organs

Clonal selection
-antigen presenting cell finds the helper T cell with the complementary receptor

Clonal expansion
-the right T cell undergo replication
-helper t into more helper t + memory t
-cytotoxic into more cytotoxic, suppressor + memory
-both have different memory so replication more quick + efficient

Question 4

Types of T cell

Answer 4

Helper T cell:
-stimulate plasma b cell
-Clonal expansion of plasma b + cytotoxic t
-stimulate macrophage phagocytosis

Cytotoxic T cell:
-recognise infected cell since no MHC 1 antigen
-inject cytotoxin = apoptosis + anything inside die

Suppressor T cell:
-slow down immune response when disease almost gone
-prevents autoimmune due to over activity

Memory T cell:
-remain dormant, allow quicker immune response if same antigen encountered again

Question 5

Humoral response (b cell)

Answer 5

Release antibodies into blood, tissue fluid + lymph - antibodies attack bacteria + some virus

Only become activated + produce antibodies when cytokines or helper T cell alert

-Clonal expansion into plasma b cell (antibodies) and memory b cell