Inheritance - Epigenetic

Question 1

Difference between genome + epigenetic

Answer 1

Genome - sets of DNA you have, this cannot be change by epigenetic
-allow for mRNA in transcription to be translated into polypeptide

Epigenetic - changes the ways in how individuals interact with these gene - but not mutation
-can silence a gene to not be expressed as protein into phenotype or over express gene
-these can be inherited
-due to social environment: smoking, diet, drugs

Question 2

Chaperone

Answer 2

Protein can sends to messages to DNA to carry out epigenetic

Question 3

DNA methylation

Answer 3

Methyl (CH3) is a inhibitory that binds to cytosine base
-causing RNA polymerase to skip over the codon involving codon
-if in promoter region (codon), gene is deactivated since no transcription
-if in exon codon it is skip = less amino acid during translation

So high methyl = reduce transporting = reduced translation = gene not expressed

Usually meant to stop lung cell having stomach function
Can be found in food source

Question 4

Histone acetylation

Answer 4

Chromosome are wrapped by protein histone to be chromatin. Degree of wrapping influenced by acetyl (tags) attached to histones

Acetyl decreases positive charge of histone to be less attracted to negative phosphate group of DNA
-allow for more spacing between DNA on histone to be transcribed - euchromatin

Less acetyl = histone attacked to DNA
-chromosome more compact = harder to be transcribed = gene turns off - heterochromatin

Question 5

Diagram of methylation of DNA

Answer 5

https://resource.download.wjec.co.uk/vtc/2020-21/el20-21_1-3/img/4.3-inheritance-image-30.jpg

Question 6

Diagram on histone acetylation

Answer 6

https://resource.download.wjec.co.uk/vtc/2020-21/el20-21_1-3/img/4.3-inheritance-image-32.png