immune system pt 1

Question 1

initiate immunity

Answer 1

nonspecific

non adaptive

Question 2

acquired immunity

Answer 2

specific - recognizes and destroys foreign substances

memory - when same organism is encountered again, body will respond quicker and stronger

Question 3

immunology

Answer 3

study of mechanism that allows the body to recognize materials as foreign and to neutralize/eliminate them

Question 4

major histocompotbility complex proteins

Answer 4

surface markers on your own body’s cells that are unique to you like your fingerprints –> self tolerance

now called human leukocytic antigens HLA

Question 5

antigen

Answer 5

any foreign substance that can cause an immune repsonse

Question 6

epitope

Answer 6

subunits of AG surfaces that can illicit an immune repsonse

Question 7

antibody

Answer 7

“Y” shaped protein molecules that can bind to a specific Ag and disable them

Question 8

immunoglobulin

Answer 8

antibodies of a particular type

Question 9

starting an immune response

Answer 9

carefully orchestrated and controlled interaction b/n immune cells w/ the ultimate goal to eliminate the invader by pathogenic specific mechanism

Question 10

immune cells develop

Answer 10

in primary organs (bone marrow and thymus)

Question 11

immune response occur

Answer 11

secondary organs

Question 12

thymus

Answer 12

glandular organ near heart where T cells learn their jobs

Question 13

bone marrow

Answer 13

blood producing tissue located inside certain bones

blood stem cells give rise to all of the different types of blood cells

Question 14

spleet

Answer 14

serves as a filter for the blood
removes old and damaged RBC
removes infectious agents and uses them to activate cells called lympocytes

Question 15

lymph nodes

Answer 15

small organs that filter out dead cells, antigens, and other stuff to present to lympocytes

Question 16

lymphatic vessels

Answer 16

collect fluid that has leaked out from the blog into tissues and returns it to circulation

Question 17

physical barriers

Answer 17

skin (first and best)
hair
mucous

Question 18

chemical barriers

Answer 18

sweat
tears
saliva
stomach acid
urine

Question 19

inflammatory response

Answer 19

chemical and cell respond to injury or localized infection
eliminates the source of infection
promotes wound healing

Question 20

innate - inflammatory response step 1

Answer 20

circulation to the site increases - tissue warm, red and swollen

Question 21

innate - inflammatory response step 2

Answer 21

WBCs leak into tissue-phagocytes engulf and destroy bacteria

Question 22

release of histamine and prostaglandin cause

Answer 22

local vessel dilation –>
more WBCs to site
increased blood flow
increased capillary permeability
phagocytes move out of vessels into intracellular fluid
edema due to fluids seeping from cpaillaries

Question 23

positive effect of fever

Answer 23

indicate rx to infection
stimulate phagocytosis
slow bacterial growth
increased body temp beyond tolerance of some bacteria

Question 24

negative effect of fever

Answer 24

extreme heat - enzyme denaturation and interruption of normal biochecm rex
>39C (103F) is dangerous
>41 C (105F) could be fatal and requires med attention

Question 25

acquired immunity systems

Answer 25

humoral immune cell-mediate immune overlap and interact, failure of one will alter effectiveness of other - more complex than innate b/c certain cells present to certain Ag

Question 26

humoral immune system

Answer 26

mediated by B cells specific receptors - on B cell surface specific for only one type of AG

Question 27

B cells produce

Answer 27

Plasma cell - ultimately secrete AB memory cells - respond to second exposure of same AG

Question 28

HI - Ab/Ig properties

Answer 28

specific protein molecules secreted by stimulated plasma cells circulate freely in body fluids effectively bind w/ invading antigens to form Ag-Ab complexes

Question 29

opsonization (Role of Ag-Ab complexes)

Answer 29

bio amplification | incorporating the Ag into larger complex making them more obvious

Question 30

complement (C') (Role of Ag-Ab complexes)

Answer 30

binds the Ag-Ab complex to lyses Ag

Question 31

neutralization (Role of Ag-Ab complexes)

Answer 31

some Ag's are neutralized merely by binding w/ Ab

Question 32

Roles of Ag-Ab complexes

Answer 32

1. opsonization 2. complement 3. neutralization

Question 33

Hi classes of IG

Answer 33

``` IgG IgM IgA IgE IgD ```

Question 34

IgG

Answer 34

major antibacterial and antiviral predominant Ig in blood responsible for the protection of the newborn during first 6 months of life major Ig synthesis during 2nd immune response --> long term/permanent immunity

Question 35

only Ig to cross placenta

Answer 35

IgG

Question 36

IgM

Answer 36

produced first in immune response largest Ig

Question 37

Ig produced first in immune repsonse

Answer 37

IgM

Question 38

IgA

Answer 38

defend external body surfaces found in high conc in areas w/ high mucous membranes found in secretions found in respiratory, GI and genitourinary secretions

Question 39

IgE

Answer 39

fx during allergic rx by activating mast cells and releasing histamine response is normal reaction but become excessive in those w/ allergies primary factor in eliminating parasitic infections

Question 40

IgD

Answer 40

found on b-cell sufaces mainly an Ag receptor may fx in controlling lymphocyte activation or suppression

Question 41

HI involved in

Answer 41

1. bacterial infections 2. some viral infections 3. allergies 4. anaphylactic shock 5. cancer surveillance