Immune System Quizzes

Question 1

What lymphocyte is implicated in antibody mediated immunity?

Answer 1

B-cell

Question 2

Explain the role of interleukin-2.

Answer 2

Cytokine causing clonal selection

Creating
* active response (T-helper cells, cytotoxic T-cells, plasma cells) and
* memory (memory T-cells and memory B-cells)

Question 3

Name TWO antigen presenting cells.

Answer 3

Macrophages
B-cells

Question 4

Briefly describe the structure of an antibody.

Answer 4

Y-shaped (2 binding sites)
4 polypeptide chains
Constant and variable zones

Question 5

Name the most abundant antibody found in the blood.

Answer 5

IgG

Question 6

Name the antibody that is implicated in allergies.

Answer 6

IgE

Question 7

Give an example of naturally-acquired passive immunity.

Answer 7

Breast milk (IgA)
Placenta (IgG)

Question 8

Where does self-recognition and self-tolerance of T-cells occur?

Answer 8

Thymus

Question 9

In what autoimmune condition might a patient suffer from exophthalmos?

Answer 9

Graves Disease

Question 10

List FIVE components of the first line of immune defence.

Answer 10

Skin
Mucous membranes
Sweat
Sebaceous glands
Mucocilary escalator
Nasals hairs
Saliva
Tears
Vomiting/diarrhoea

Question 11

Where are complement proteins produced? Explain the role
of complement

Answer 11

Produced in the liver
Creating an immune cascade leading to
Inflammation
Phagocytosis
Cytolysis

Question 12

Name the TWO main phagocytes.

Answer 12

Neutrophils
Monocytes (Macrophages)

Question 13

Describe how natural killer (NK) cells work.

Answer 13

Release perforin into pathogenic cells causing them to rupture

Question 14

State TWO benefits of inflammation.

Answer 14

Attract phagocytes
Speeds up immune response (via vasodilation/increased permeability)
Dilute toxins

Question 15

State TWO possible outcomes of acute inflammation.

Answer 15

Chronic inflammation
Resolution
Granuloma/scarring

Question 16

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 16

1. Redness
2. Pain
3. Swelling
4. Heat
5. Loss of function

Question 17

What is the function of transferrins?

Answer 17

Iron-binding proteins
Preventing bacterial growth by reducing the availability of iron in the blood

Question 18

What is the function of interleukin-1? Is it a cell or protein?

Answer 18

IL-1 stimulates fever by messaging the hypothalmus
It is a protein (cytokine)

Question 19

Explain the role of interferons.

Answer 19

Anti-viral proteins
Stop surrounding cells from replicating therefore blocking DNA replication of viruses

Question 20

List FOUR symptoms of SLE

Answer 20

Butterfly rash
Photosensitivity
Joint pain (sym/asym)
Renaud’s syndrome
Chest pain

Question 21

Are bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells?

Answer 21

Prokaryotic

Question 22

Explain what is meant by an epidemic

Answer 22

Large breakout of infection in the population

Question 23

Describe the structure of a virus

Answer 23

DNA or RNA strand inside a protein coat known as the CAPSID

Question 24

Describe how are viruses designed to avoid the host immune system?

Answer 24

By entering the host’s own cells
No metabolism of their own
No structures of their own
They can become latent and ‘hide’
They can mutate

Question 25

Define mycosis.

Answer 25

Fungal infection

Question 26

Define the term sterilisation.

Answer 26

Heating in air for 30mins or steam for 20mins at 180° Kills all microbes and spores

Question 27

What is meant by the prodromal period?

Answer 27

Period of **non-specific** symptoms

Question 28

What is meant by vector transmission?

Answer 28

The transmission of an infectious disease by an intermediate carrier eg. mosquito

Question 29

What is meant by the incubation period?

Answer 29

Period of time between intial exposure of the microbe to the first symptoms

Question 30

Explain what is meant by a nosocomial infection.

Answer 30

An infection acquired in a medical setting.

Question 31

Describe the appearance of an impetigo infection.

Answer 31

Golden, crusty lesions on the face.

Question 32

Explain why individuals might develop oral candidiasis

Answer 32

Compromised immune system Antibiotic use Diatbetes/HIV Stress Diet rich in refined sugar

Question 33

Name the infective organism that causes cold sores.

Answer 33

Herpes simplex (I)

Question 34

Describe what you might observe in the mouth of a patient with diphtheria.

Answer 34

A grey membrane across the pharynx

Question 35

Name the infective organism that causes tuberculosis. What system of the body is often affected by TB and why?

Answer 35

Bacteria The respiratory because this bacteria loves oxygen | *Mycobaterium tuberculosis

Question 36

List THREE symptoms of hepatitis.

Answer 36

Diarrohea, nausea/vomiting Jaundice Itchiness in skin* | *from bile salts

Question 37

Name the infective organism that causes malaria.

Answer 37

Protozoan | Plasmodium

Question 38

Explain how HIV is typically transmitted.

Answer 38

Sexual intercourse (principally anal sex) Intravenous drug use

Question 39

Name ONE sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium.

Answer 39

Chlamydia Gonorrhoea Syphilis

Question 40

Describe the appearance of genital herpes.

Answer 40

Fluid filled vesicles Shallow ulcers