Immunisation, Infection prevention and control Flashcards
What is the strategic aim of vaccinations?
selective protection of the vulnerable, elimination, eradication
What is an example of passive immunity?
transfer from mother to unborn baby
What is active immunity?
usually long-lasting immunity produced by the immune system in response to antigens
Define antigen
anything that can be bound to an antibody
what are epitopes?
=antigenic determinants - small part of molecules antibodies interact with
Which antibody is main in primary immune response?
IgM
Which antibody is found highest in secondary immune response?
IgG
What triggers clonal expansion?
antigen binding non-specifically to variable region of antibody
How does IgG act?
binds tightly to antigen and through simultaneous complement binding facilities the destruction of the antigen-bearing micro-organism
What are the advantages of live vaccinations?
- single does often sufficient to induce long-term immunity
- strong immune response evoked
- local and systemic immunity produced
What are the advantages of inactivated/killed vaccines?
- stable
- constituents clearly defined
- unable to cause infection
What methods are in place to eliminate pathogenic organisms?
- environmental cleaning and decontamination
- equipment decontamination
- antisepsis
- antibiotic prophylaxis
What methods are in place to remove source/reservoir?
- hand hygiene
- environmental cleaning and decontamination
What methods are in place to minimise transmission?
- hand hygiene
- personal protective equipment
- equipment decontamination
- source and protective isolation
What methods are in place to eliminate entry?
- antisepsis
- asepsis
- air handling
- sharps management
- patient management
