Immunity

Question 0

Distinguishes between closely related pathogens by the use of antigens; involves memory response

Answer 0

Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Early line of defense, reacting to microbes and products of injured cells

Answer 1

Innate Immunity

Question 2

Adaptive immune response which relies on antibodies produced by B cells in serum

Answer 2

Humoral Immunity

Question 3

Adaptive immunity involving T cells and activation of macrophages against intracellular microbes

Answer 3

Cellular Immunity

Question 4

Feature of adaptive immune response where lymphocytes deal with various antigenic epitopes

Answer 4

Specificity

Question 5

Feature of adaptive immune response where there is variability in the structure of antigen binding cells

Answer 5

Diversity

Question 6

Increase in number of cells having the same antigen receptors

Answer 6

Clonal Expansion

Question 7

Allows immune system to recover from one immune response to prepare for future attack

Answer 7

Contraction/Homeostasis

Question 8

Immune Tolerance

Answer 8

Nonreactivity to self

Question 9

Principal cellular components of the adaptive immune system

Answer 9

Lymphocytes, APC, effector cells

Question 10

Only cellular components of the adaptive immune system capable of producing antibodies

Answer 10

B cells

Question 11

Glycoproteins consisting of 2 heavy chains, 2 light chains connected via disulfide bonds

Answer 11

B cell receptors/ surface antibodies

Question 12

Mediators of cell-specific immunity; recognize antigens only when bound to MHCs

Answer 12

T cells

Question 13

Recognize peptides derived from foreign proteins bound to host proteins

Answer 13

Major Histocompatibility Complex

Question 14

Cells which secrete cytokines that stimulate proliferation and differentiation of T cell line

Answer 14

Helper T Cells

Question 15

Types of antigen presenting cells

Answer 15

Dendritic Cells
B cells
Macrophages

Question 16

Mediate final effect of immune response – eliminate microbes

Answer 16

Effector Cells

Question 17

Membrane-bound antigens recognized by B lymphocytes

Answer 17

IgM, IgD

Question 18

Components of innate immune response

Answer 18

Physical and chemical barriers
Phagocytic cells
Blood proteins
Regulatory proteins (eg. Cytokines)

Question 19

Specialization vs Specificity

Answer 19

Specialization: formation of certain cells for certain types of antigens

Specificity: ability to recognize a specific microbe or antigen

Question 20

Main goal of any vaccine

Answer 20

Total permanent elimination of a particular infection

Question 21

Method first used to prevent smallpox

Answer 21

Variolation

Question 22

Protection of susceptible individuals from communicable diseases by administration of living modified agents, suspension of killed organisms, or inactivated toxins

Answer 22

Immunization

Question 23

Features of effective vaccines

Answer 23

Safe
Protective
Gives sustained protection
Induces neutralizing antibody
Induced protective t-cells

Question 24

Immunity resulting from direct exposure to a disease organism; immune system is pushed to produce antibodies for that disease

Answer 24

Active immunity

Question 25

Immunity resulting from when a person is given antibodies to a disease, short-lasting

Answer 25

Passive immunity

Question 26

Examples of passive immunity

Answer 26

Pre-exposure prophylaxis | Antibody therapy

Question 27

T/F: memory is inferred in both active and passive immunity.

Answer 27

False - only active immunity involves memory t-cells

Question 28

Vaccine which consists of a killed preparation of a pathogen; determinants of pathogenicity still remain intact

Answer 28

Killed/Inactivated vaccine

Question 29

Vaccines which induce limited viral replication of adequate amplitude for a protective immune response; risky for immunocompromised patients

Answer 29

Live attenuated vaccines

Question 30

Examples of microorganisms whose toxins are used as vaccines

Answer 30

Clostridium tetani Diphtheria Vibrio cholera

Question 31

Substances which enhance the immunogenicity of antigens/vaccines; reduces the amount of active component required in a vaccine

Answer 31

Adjuvants

Question 32

Antigen immersed in mineral oil, stimulates cell-mediated immunity

Answer 32

Freund's adjuvant

Question 33

Adjuvant which binds polyvalently to toxoid, stimulates antibody responses

Answer 33

Inorganic salts

Question 34

Toxin which acts as an adjuvant to tetanus and diptheria toxins

Answer 34

Petrussis

Question 35

T/F: a key characteristic of innate immunity is memory

Answer 35

False - adaptive immunity

Question 36

Mechanism of pathogenicity for extracellular bacteria

Answer 36

Induces inflammation

Question 37

Endotoxins vs Exotoxins

Answer 37

Endotoxins: components of bacterial cell walls Exotoxin: actively secreted by pathogen

Question 38

Initiates the late steps of complement activation, stimulating c5a fir inflammation and polymerase c9 for membrane attack complex formation

Answer 38

C3b

Question 39

Receptor which detects opsonized pathogens

Answer 39

Fc receptor

Question 40

Function of IFN-gamma

Answer 40

Macrophage activation

Question 41

Molecules released by helper T cells to induce inflammation

Answer 41

IL-17, TNF

Question 42

Interleukins responsible for activating NK cells

Answer 42

IL12, IL15

Question 43

Used for differentiation of T effector cells from helper T cells

Answer 43

IL-12

Question 44

Function to inhibit viral replication in both infected and uninfected cells

Answer 44

Type 1 interferons

Question 45

Cells which recognized infected cells in which the virus has shut off class 1 MHC expression

Answer 45

NK cells

Question 46

Activated by TH1 cell-derived cytokines

Answer 46

Macrophages

Question 47

Activated by TH2-derived cytokines

Answer 47

IgE, eosinophils

Question 48

Causative agent of histoplasmosis

Answer 48

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 49

Causative agent of malaria

Answer 49

Plasmodium sp.