Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hema-Immuno > RBC Synthesis and Breakdown > Flashcards

RBC Synthesis and Breakdown Flashcards

0
Q

Cells which mature in the thymus, differentiate between self and nonself

A

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Growth inducer that promotes growth and reproduction of hematopoeitic stem cells

A

IL-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Specifically attack virally infected cells, tumor cells, or transplanted cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Suppress the immune system so it will not damage other cells

A

Suppressor T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Record proteins encountered for faster immune response in future infections

A

Memory T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

First cells to recognize foreign bodies

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Molecules which push a committed cell into a final adult cell

A

Differentiation inducers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of macrophages

A

Present foreign antibodies to helper T cell using interleukin 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of interleukin 2

A

Induce proliferation, maturation, differentiation of t cell line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Interleukins used to activate B cells

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes rupture and inflammation of foreign material

A

Membrane attack complex (MAC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Compound responsible for acid-base buffering capacity of RBC

A

Carbonic anhydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Site where erythropoeitin is synthesized

A

80% kidneys

10% liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stimulates proerythroblast production under hypoxic conditions

A

Erythropoeitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: Vitamin B12 is sourced from meat whereas folic acid is sourced from vegetables such broccoli and cauliflower

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Disorder manifested by increase in number if large fragile RBCs

A

Megaloblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Disease wherein there is increased reticulocyte production

A

Hemolytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Site where porphyrin is transformed to bilirubin

A

Spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Site where RBCs go to die

A

Splenic sinusoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Active form of iron present in hemoglobin

A

Ferrous (Fe2+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Main storage protein for iron

A

Ferritin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cyclic tetrapeptide formed by the linkage of four pyrrole rings

A

Porphyrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Type of bond which holds pyrrole rings together in porphyrin

A

Methyne bridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Site of initial and final steps of heme synthesis

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Site of intermediate steps of heme synthesis
Cytosol
25
Cells in which heme synthesis occurs
Erythroid precursor cells in red bone marrow
26
Rate-limiting step in heme synthesis
Formation of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) using ALA synthase
27
Site wherein the rate-limiting step of heme synthesis occurs
Liver mitochondria
28
ALA cofactor
Pyridoxine
29
Enzyme involved in production of phosphobilinogen
ALA dehydratase; inhibited by heavy metal ions
30
More common uroporophyrinogen in heme synthesis
Uroporphyrinogen III since it is the form acted on by coproporphyrinogen oxidase and therefore protoporphyrinogen III
31
Enzyme used to catalyse introduction of Fe into protoporphyrin IX
Ferrocheletase (inhibited by lead)
32
Negative regulator of ALA synthase 1
Presence of heme
33
Disorder associated with abnormalities in heme biosynthesis
Porphyrias
34
Manifestation of lysosome rupture due to exposure to light with a wavelength of 400nm, releasing free radicals
Photosensitivity
35
Symptom caused by accumulation of ALA and porphobilinogen in body tissues and fluids
Abdominal pain
36
Deficiency causing sideroblastic anemia
Pyridoxine
37
Enzymes in heme synthesis inibited by lead
Ferrocheletase, ALA dehydratase
38
Manifestations of lead poisoning in adults
``` Basophilic stippling of RBC Wrist drop, claw hand Lead lines in gums Headache, memory loss -- encelopathy Urinary ALA and free erythrocyte porphyrin ```
39
System which degrades RBC
Reticuloendothelial system
40
Enzyme involved in the formation of bilirubin
Heme oxygenase system (heme --> hemin)
41
Cells which take up bilirubin
Liver parenchyma
42
Intracellular proteins responsible for bilirubin uptake into liver parenchyma
Ligandin | Protein Y
43
Enzyme responsible for conjugation of bilirubin with two molecules of glucoronic acid
Bilirubin glucoronyltransferase
44
Site where bilirubin is secreted into bile
Bile canaliculi
45
Intestinal bacteria oxidize urobilinogen into _______
Stercobilin
46
Increases bilirubin's solubility in plasma
Monocovalent binding to albumin
47
Hepatocytes make bilirubin (polar/nonpolar) by conjugation with glucoronic acid
Polar
48
What causes human jaundice
Monogluconides in plasma
49
Rate-limiting process in heme degradation
Active transport of bilirubin into bile
50
Enzymes that reduce bilirubin to urobilinogen
Beta-glucuronidase
51
Increased blood bilirubin with deposition in tissues
Icterus/jaundice
52
Jaundice caused by increased RBC destruction; retention hyperbilirubinemia
Indirect/unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
53
Hyperbilirubinemia caused by bile duct obstruction
Direct/conjugated
54
Complex of protoporphyrin IX and ferrous iron
Heme
55
Unconjugated bilirubin enters the blood-brain barrier, causing encephalopathy
Kernitercus
56
Treatment for neonatal jaundice which converts unconjugated bilirubin to maleimide fragments
Phototherapy
57
Fetal hemoglobin is composed of ____ and _____ subunits
Alpha, gamma
58
Hemoglobin form with increased affinity with CN
Methemoglobin
59
Treatment for chocolate cyanosis
Methylene blue
60
Heme present in muscles
Myoglobin
61
Residues which play a role in O2-heme binding
Histidine
62
Darkened urine brought about by the release of myoglobin from muscle fibers following crush injury
Myoglobinuria
63
Number of O2 that can bind to myoglobin and hemoglobin
Myoglobin: 1 Hemoglobin: 4
64
Factors whose interaction with one site of the hemoglobin affects the binding of oxygen to heme groups at other locations
Allosteric effectors
65
Phenomenon wherein the deoxy form of hemoglobin has a greater affinity of protons than oxyhemoglobin
Bohr Effect
66
Stabilizes taut structure of hemoglobin by formation of salt bridges
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
67
2,3-BPG binds _____ weakly to HbF
More
68
Diagnostic tool for detection of hereditary spherocytosis
Osmotic fragility test
69
Proteins affected in hereditary spherocytosis
Ankyrin, spectrin
70
Amino acid substituted in sickle cell anemia
Glutamate --> valine
71
Substitution in hemoglobin C disease
Lysine --> glutamate

Hema-Immuno (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions