immunity and disease

Question 1

describe innate immunity

Answer 1

non specific, mechanisms are present before infection

Question 2

function of skin for innate immunity?

Answer 2

outer layer of keratin forms a mechanical barrier, dead skin cells are sloughed off, sweat and oils contain anti-microbial chemicals

Question 3

functions of mucous membranes for innate immunity?

Answer 3

normal flow of mucus washes bacteria and virus off mucous membranes, cilia protect the respiratory tract, acid in the stomach and vagina

Question 4

chemical barriers within innate immunity?

Answer 4

proteins and interferons

Question 5

cellular defences of innate immunity?

Answer 5

phagocytosis

Question 6

examples of granulocytes?

Answer 6

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 7

function of granulocytes?

Answer 7

remove dead cells and micro-organisms

Question 8

examples of monocytes?

Answer 8

macrophages

Question 9

function of monocytes?

Answer 9

serve as filters for trapping microbes

Question 10

what is adaptive immune response?

Answer 10

specific, cell-mediated and humoral immunity

Question 11

where are lymphocytes produced?`

Answer 11

bone marrow.

Question 12

where do B cells and T cells mature?

Answer 12

B cells - mature in bone marrow, then concentrate in lymph nodes and spleen. T cells - mature in thymus

Question 13

function of B cells

Answer 13

secrete and produce antibodies, involved in humoral immunity and recognise pathogens outside of cells. they become memory cells

Question 14

function of T cells

Answer 14

directly attack invaders - some can recognise and destroy cancer cells

Question 15

how do vaccinations work?

Answer 15

stimulates own immune system to elicit an adaptive immune response to prevent further infection