the breast Flashcards
Clinical presentations of breast disease?
Pain (only 2% cancer), palpable mass (cyst, benign tumour or cancer), nipple discharge, mammography abnormality
Describe fibrocystic disease
Lumpiness in one or both breasts causing pain and tenderness. Has hormonal related changes
Describe fat necrosis of the breast?
A hard lump that clinically mimics cancer. Trauma to the breast can result in haemorrhage and necrosis
What is mastitis?
An inflammatory condition, blocked ducts are lactation mastitis
Symptoms of mastitis?
Red, tender, warm breasts
Examples of benign tumours in Breast cancer?
Fibroadenoma, papilloma
How are Breast diseases diagnosed?
Triple assessment; clinical impression, radiology, cytology
Describe a Breast papilloma?
A wart like growth in ducts, up to 2cm. Causes nipple bleeding and discharge
Describe fibroadenoma
Rubbery lumps in Breast, can increase in size during pregnancy. Do not need to be removed
Examples of malignant Breast tumours?
Invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, Paget’s disease
Describe Breast cancer and risk factors
most common cancer in U.K. Risk factors: age and BRCA mutation (hereditary)
Signs and symptoms of breast cancer?
Lump in the breast, skin dimpling, change in skin colour or texture, change of how the nipple looks (e.g. Pulling in one direction), discharge: clear or bloody fluid leaks out of nipple
How do we diagnose breast cancer?
Mammography every 3 years, breast cancer screening programme
What is “DCIS”?
Ductal carcinoma in situ- a premalignant condition
Describe invasive ductal carcinoma ?
Abnormality of milk ducts, most common type of breast cancer. Graded 1-3
