Immunity Coordination Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is a pathogen?
A pathogen is an organism that causes a disease.
E.g: Fungi, bacteria, Protoctista or viruses
How do pathogens causes diseases?
1) Physically damaging cells
2) Producing toxins which damage cells
What is blood clotting
- Blood clotting is a non-specific defence mechanism against pathogens, by prevent the entry of pathogens into the
blood.
Explain the sequence of a blood clot?
*Blood vessel wall damaged
- Platelets
- Release enzyme and clotting factors
- Blood cells trapped
- Clot (scab)
What is an antigen and its role?
- a molecule, usually a protein,
- initiates an immune response
What are the 2 types of white blood cells?
- Phagocytes and Lymphocytes
what do Phagocytes do?
- Non - specific immune response
- detect pathogen
- engulfs pathogen
- digests using enzymes
how do they destroy pathogens
Lymphocytes
- Specific response
- recognise antigens on pathogen
- Produce antibodies which destroy pathogen
- prodyce mem. cells for a second exposure
Explain Phagocytosis?
-detect pathogen
-engulf it
-digest it using enzymes
How to Lymphocytes respond to pathogens?
-they detect the antigen on the pathogen
-they produce antibodies to antigen
-AB destroys pathogen
-produce memroy cells for second exposure
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How do antibodies destroy pathogens
- Neutralising toxins
Role of the Memory cells.
- To be able to kill the pathogen quickly by dividing into lymphocytes quicky upon 2nd exposure
What are vaccines?
-they are non poisonous, inactive forms of the pathogen
