Immunity system Flashcards
Immunity is protection…
against disease provided by the immune system.
External defence system:
- epithelia in airways
- hydrochloric acid in the stomach
- blood clotting
Internal defence system consists of…
the white blood cells.
An immune response is…
the response of lymphocytes to the presence of a foreign antigen.
Phagocytes are produced in…
the bone marrow and are stored there.
Phagocytes act as scavengers, so…
they remove dead cells and invasive foreign microorganisms.
Two types of phagocytes:
Macrophages and neutrophils
Neutrophils travel around…
the body and patrol the tissues. They can squeeze through the walls of capillaries.
Neutrophils are released in…
large numbers form their stores. They are short-lived cells.
Neutrophil’s nucleus is…
granular.
Macrophages are larger than…
neutrophils.
Macrophages are found in…
organs(lymph, nodes, lungs)
Macrophages are made in…
bone marrow, travel as monocytes and develop in macrophages.
Macrophages are long…
lived cells.
Macrophages initiate the immune…
response by cutting the pathogen to display antigens that are recognised by lymphocytes.
Every pathogen releases…
histamine which attracts neutrophils.
Antigens on the surface of the pathogen stimulate…
the neutrophils to attack as the receptor proteins on the surface of the neutrophils recognise the antigen molecule.
A pathogen is engulfed by…
neutrophil in the process of endocytosis.
Lysosome containing…
digestive enzymes fuses with vacuole containing pathogen inside the cell.
When neutrophil dies…
pus is formed.
Neutrophil can destroy more than one…
pathogen.
The pathogens can be recognised due to…
proteins, glycoproteins, lipids, polysaccharides and the waste materials produced by the pathogen.
An antigen is any molecule…
which the body recognises as foreign.
Antibodies are…
glycoproteins that act against specific antigens.
