Respiration Flashcards
(34 cards)
Needs for energy:
- movement(muscle contraction)
- active transport
- anabolic reactions (DNA replication and protein synthesis)
- maintenance of body temperature
The equation for respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2
Respiratory Quotient is the ratio…
of CO2 given out to the O2 consumed. RQ = vol. of CO2 / vol. of O2
Carboxyl group is…
-COOH and it is always in acids. The H easily dissociates forming H+ ion, lowering the pH.
Respiration is…
the sequential breakdown of glucose to synthesise ATP.
Stages of respiration:
- Glycolysis (cytoplasm)
- Link reaction (matrix)
- Krebs cycle (matrix)
- Oxidative phosphorylation (cristae)
During glycolysis, glucose (6C) is converted into…
2 pyruvates, each containing 3C
(Glycolysis) Glucose is…
phosphorylated by ATP to form fructose 1,6, bisphosphate.
(Glycolysis) Fructose 1,6, bisphosphate is…
enzamically broken down into 2 triphosphates, each containing 3C
(Glycolysis) Triphosphate is…
oxidised to pyruvate with 2 ATP and reduced NAD produced.
(Link reaction) Pyruvate moves by…
active transport into mitochondrial matrix
(Link reaction) In the mitochondrial matrix, pyruvate is…
decarboxylated (CO2 removed), dehydrogenated (H removed, forming reduced NAD) and joined to Coenzyme A (CoA)
Link reaction produces…
acetyl CoA, containing 2 carbons.
(Krebs cycle) The acetyl…
CoA joins oxaloacetate(4C) to make citric acid(6C). The enzyme CoA is recycled.
(Krebs cycle) The citric acid loses…
1 carbon (CO2) at a time until it produces oxaloacetate (4C) again
(Krebs cycle) Decarboxylation and…
dehydrogenation produces reduced NAD and reduced FAD.
(Oxidative phosphorylation) is also called…
the electron transport chain.
(Oxidative phosphorylation) The process of addition of…
phosphate to ADP making ATP in the presence of oxygen.
(Oxidative phosphorylation) Carrier proteins are…
embedded in the cristae.
(Oxidative phosphorylation) Electrons from…
NAD and FAD are passed from carrier to carrier. The energy released is used to actively pump protons across the membrane.
(Oxidative phosphorylation) Protons pass back through…
the membrane by facilitated diffusion, through ATPase proteins which synthesises ATP
(Oxidative phosphorylation) H+ ions then bond…
with O2 forming H20.
Oxygen debt is…
the amount of O2 required after exercise to fully breakdown the lactic acid produced.
Why is rice adapted for a high level of anaerobic respiration?
-roots are immersed in a low oxygen environment, so most of the respiration is anaerobic
