Immunizations Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
What is the adaptive immune system?
A
defends a specific pathogen and is memory based
2
Q
Innate immune system?
A
physical barrier
3
Q
If a disease is highly transmissible what is the percentage needed for herd immunity?
A
HIGH
4
Q
What are the live vaccines?
A
MMRV, varicella, rotavirus, typhoid (oral)
5
Q
What else is in a vaccine?
A
antigen
suspending fluid- sterile h20
stabilizers- gelatin
preservatives
antibiotic-neomycin
adjuvant
6
Q
What adjutant commonly causes more pain?
A
Aluminum salts
7
Q
Why do you need a Ha booster if twinrix?
A
because too low of dose
8
Q
What routes are most common for vaccines?
A
IM>SQ>oral
9
Q
How long must you wait between live vaccines if not a combo?
A
> 4 weeks
10
Q
Who is contraindicated for live vaccines?
A
immunocompromised or pregnant
11
Q
What vaccine should be done last? What is an example?
A
The most painful one- pneumococcal
12
Q
How much vaccine can usually be put in one arm?
A
1 ml
13
Q
AT what age can multiple vaccines be given (Not combo)?
A
> 6 months
14
Q
What vaccines are not interchangeable?
A
pneumococcal and some meningococcal
HB and HB dialysis
15
Q
Do you need to restart a schedule if a long time between doses?
A
NO
16
Q
Is an egg allergy an issue?
A
No
17
Q
Can you give vaccine if mild URTI?
A
Yeds
18
Q
Is GBS a good contraindication to vaccine?
A
NO
19
Q
Must you report a common side effect of a vaccine?
A
No
20
Q
What is special about rotavirus administration?
A
Oral and it is sweet
21
Q
Pain management strategies?
A
move arm, numb cream, skin to skin or hold child, sucrose for babies
22
Q
When can you give ibuprofen and acet?
A
> 6-8 hours after
23
Q
What is Diphtheria?
A
bacteria that makes toxin that stops protein synthesis
24
Q
What does Capital letters mean on vaccine name?
A
paediatric dose
25
How does diphtheria transmit and present?
respiratory droplets and URTI, grey membrane on throat
26
Complicaitions of diphtheria?
resp issues and myocarditis
27
what form of vaccine is diphtheria?
detoxified toxin
28
How frequent should Tdap be?
every 10 years or 5 if a serious cut or each pregnancy
29
Explain tetanus.
bacteria found in soil and faces, painful spasms and lockjaw
30
Transmission of tetanus?
wound contamination
31
complications of tetanus?
seizures and resp failure
32
What is form of vaccine for tetanus?
detoxified toxin
33
What is pertussis/
contagious early and whooping cough
34
Complications of pertussis?
pneumonia, seizures and encephalopathy
35
Why did we switch to acellular version of pertussis vaccine?
because other one caused seizures and hyperresponse
36
True or false, do you NEED a pertussis booster in adulthood?
YESSSSS
37
What in name of vaccine means polio?
IPV
38
Explain polio?
viral and mostly asymptomatic but can be flulike
39
Complications of polio?
meningitis, paralysis, limp
40
Transmission of polio?
fecal oral
41
Form of vaccine for polio?
inactivated and is trivalent
42
Why don't we use live attenuated polio vaccine?
can cause the paralysis
43
When would you give adult a booster for polio?
if travelling to are with outbreak
44
Explain Hib?
bacteria and B is the most pathogenic
45
How does Hib spread?
resp droplets
46
Complications of Hib?
ear infection, meningitis, pneumonia, deaf, death
47
Who mostly gets Hib?
<5 yrs
48
What condition would you want to give a dose of Hib vaccine?
HIV
49
Of Tdap-IPV-Hib which don't need adult boosters/
IPV and Hib
50
How does rotavirus transmit?
fecal oral
51
Sx of rotavirus?
diarrhea, stomach pain, vomitting
52
What form of vaccine is rotavirus?
live oral
53
If a baby spits up rotavirus vaccine what do we do?
Nothing
54
Caution with rotavirus vaccine?
sheds in faces so wash hands and caution for immunocompromised
55
S/e of rotavirus vaccine?
fever, diarrhea, bowel obstruction
56
Explain meningococcus disease?
bacterial, causes bacteria and meningtisi
57
Transmission of meningococcus?
resp droplets so crowded is an issue
58
Complications of meningococcus?
amputations, deaf, seizures, brain damage
59
What serotype of meningococcal do we NOT routinely give?
serotype B
60
Are meningococcal vaccines interchangeable?
Fuh no
61
What serotypes of meningococcal are given?
C, A, W, Y
62
Explain measles.
viral transmitted by resp droplets
63
Complication of measles?
ear infection, pneumonia, seizure, deaf, encephalitis
64
Explain mumps. include complications and transmission.
viral by resp droplets
complications of meningitis and encephalitis, swollen gonads, abortion
65
Explain rubella. include complications and transmission.
viral, resp droplets
causes rash, flu like, miscarriage
66
Explain varicella. include complications and transmission.
viral by resp droplets OR blister fluid
causes rash, SSTI and pneumonia
67
What form of vaccine is MMR-V
live attenuated
68
What allergy is an issue with MMRV?
to gelatin or neomycin
69
What does rubella part of the vaccine cause?
joint pain
70
What can the varicella part of the vaccine cause?
blisters
71
What is herpes zoster?
reactivation of varicella
72
Who gets herpes zoster?
>65 or immunocomp, stress
73
If never got varicella or vaccine are adults at risk of herpes zoster?
No
74
signs of herpes zoster?
prodromal pain before rash unilateral
75
Complications of herpes zoster?
postherpetic neualrhia, opthalmic, pulmonary and hepatic issues
76
Who is recommended to get shingrix?
>50 years old
previously got Zostavax 2 or shingles epsiode
77
Why was Zostavax discontinued?
live version. and could cause it and issues for children in close contact with patient
78
How well does shingles vaccine work?
Lowers rate of shingles by 90% and NNT of 32 also decreases risk of PHN
79
If immunocompromised, when should you get shingles vaccine?
>18 years old
80
How many doses of shingles needed?
2
81
Up to what age can you get varicella vaccine?
50
82
WHat should be done if a patient has the zoster rash?
Wait after rash to 1 year after
83
Transmission of hep B?
bodily fluids
84
Sx of Hep B infection?
usually asymptomatic but usual flue like and jaundice
85
Complications of Hep B?
cirrhosis, liver cancer and death
86
Who should get high dose Hep B vaccine?
renal disease, HIV,
87
What does the following blood work mean/ All hepatitis B work is negative?
susceptible to infection
88
What does the following blood work mean?
HBsAg negative
anti-HBc negative
anti-HBs- positive >10
immune from vaccine
89
What does the following blood work mean?
HBsAg negative
anti-HBc positive
anti-HBs- positive >10
immune from infection
90
If you do serum testing and it is below 10 what should you do for Hep B?
nothing UNLESS CKD and immunocompromised may need another dose
91
Transmission of Hep A?
fecal oral
92
Sx of Hep A infection?
asymptomatic or flu like
93
True or false: Hep A causes chronic hepatitis and carrier state?
False- That's Hep B
94
Who is recommended for Hep A?
Only if travelling or at risk of infections!
95
Which Hepatitis is vaccinated in kids?
Hep B
96
Transmission of HPV?
skin to skin, verticle
97
Sx of HPV?
Asymptomatic, cancer, warts
98
Which HPV vaccine is only for females?
CERVARIX
99
What's the benefit of HPV vaccine?
stops warts and cancer
100
Can you give HPV vaccine in pregnancy?
YES
101
What about patient education is important about HPV vaccine?
Painful and does not protect against other STI
102
Up to what age is HPV vaccine indicated?
45
103
If I am a gay man that is in a relationship with only one person am I at risk of mpox?
No- not risky behaviour
104
Explain mpox. Transmission?
viral by skin to skin, animals to humans, resp droplets, low risk with contaminated objects
105
sx of Mpox?
flu like and rash, lesions on places for sex
106
How long are you contagious with Mpox?
until lesion scabs fall off
107
What vaccine for mpox and what type is it?
small pox vaccine
live attenuated
108
Can you get mpox from small pox vaccine?
nonreplicating so NOOOO
109
Is the small pox vaccine safe for immunocompromised and pregnant?
Yes!!
110
Transmission of pneumococcal?
resp droplets
111
Sx of pneumococcal infection?
sinusitis, pneumonia, ear infection
can cause bacteria and meningitis
112
What type is the pneumococcal vaccine and what does this mean?
conjugate no polysaccharide= more robust immune system response through T cell as well
113
What type of vaccine do infants respond to better?
conjugate= better T cell activation
114
Who is indicated for Prevnar?
>65 but maybe eventually >50
115
How long to wait between pneumococcal vaccines?
Just don't do at same time
116
Is Prevnar 20 vaccine interchangeable with pneumovax-23?
no because Prevnar is a conjugate vaccine
117
What conditions put you at risk of pneumococcal infections?
heart disease, DM, CKD, chronic liver disease, chronic lung disease, immunocompromising conditions, homeless, IVDU, senior home
118
transmission of RSV?
resp droplets
119
Who is at high risk of RSV?
cardiac, pulmonary issues, DM, immunodeficiency, liver disease, CKD
120
Sx of RSV?
URTI- cough, sore throat, headahce
121
What RSV vaccine is indicated in pregnancy?
ABRYSVO
122
Who should get RSV vaccine?
>75
>60 if at risk
123
Explain key points of AREXVY and ABRYSO RCT?
older adults (about 65) compared with placebo,
decreased RSV lower resp tract disease significantly
124
Limitations of AREXVY and ABRYSO study?
hospitalizations and mortality were not studied
low event rate in the RCT
125
Do you need a RSV booster?
No
126
Potential serious s/e of AREXVY and ABRYSVO?
GBS and a fib
127
Can you get covid from the vaccine?
No - innactivated
128
Who should get covid vaccine?
>65
>6 months if underlying medical conditions
129
How long to wait if COVID infection for vaccine?
3-6 months
130
Are the new covid vaccines better?
yes better titre
131
Do vaccines protect against post covid?
yes
132
If a patient is >18 and doesn't know if they have had vaccinations what should we do?
assume unimmunized and give appropriate
do not need serology
133
IS HIV always immunocompromised?
No they can get to a point that they are okay
134
If planning to become pregnant how long should they wait for live vaccine?
wait 1 month before conception
135
When does maternal antibodies transfer to fetus?
3rd trimester
136
What vaccine must be given each pregnancy?
tdap but pertussis is the important one
influenza
COVID
ABRYSVO
NO LIVE VACCINES
137
What vaccines should not be recommended while breastfeeding?
some travel vaccines such as yellow fever
mpox
138
What vaccines is a good idea for substance use?
ALL
but especially HA, HB, penumooccal, flu, covid, Tdap
139
What is good vaccines to recommend for MSM?
ALL
But especially Ha, Hb, maybe mpox if high risk behaviours
140
If cardiac disease/DM/lung disease what vaccine is a must?
Pneumococcal
141
What vaccines to recommend if liver disease?
HA, HB, Prevnar
142
What vaccines for CKD?
Hb, prevnar
