Immunizations/Infectious Disease/Immune System Flashcards
(36 cards)
Live Vaccines
MMR
Varicella
Rotavirus
Nasal influenza
Contraindications for all vaccines
-history of life-threatening reactions to previous dose
-moderate to severe acute illness (will reschedule)
Adverse reactions of vaccines
-difficulty breathing
-hoarseness or wheezing
-hives
-pallor
-lethargy
-dizziness
-tachycardia
Typically occur within first few minutes to hours after administration
When to contact health provider after vaccines
-signs of adverse reaction
-high fever
-behavioral changes
-any concerns
Side effects of varicella vaccine
-vaccine induced rash
-can be contagious
-avoid contact with immunocompromised people
Side effects of rotavirus vaccine
-mild, temporary diarrhea or vomiting
-fussiness/irritability
-cough/runny nose
-fever
-loss of appetite
-vaccine virus shed in stool for up to 14 days
Vaccines can be given in the deltoid only for
18 months and up
MMR Vaccine
-2 dose: 12-15m and 4-6y
-contraindicated less than 12m due to maternal antibodies except for measles outbreak
-measles: less than 12m receives a dose of MMR but it does not count as part of the MMR series
HPV Vaccine
-given to boys and girls between ages 11-12, can be given from 9-26
-most important to give prior to exposure to HPV
Pertussis
Whooping Cough
-bacterial illness
-highly contagious
-increased m&m in infants
-contact/droplet precautions
-treat with -mycin
-prophylaxis for close contacts
Varicella
Chicken Pox
-causes chickenpox and shingles
-airborne and contact precautions
-communicable 1-2d before rash
-incubates 10-12d from exposure
-URI, fever, malaise
-rash on trunk
-will get papule, then vesicle, then crust
Immunocompromised individuals exposed to varicella virus will be given ____ within ___ days of exposure.
Varicella-zoster immune globulin within 10 days of exposure
Varicella vaccine complications
-secondary bacterial infections: abscesses, cellulitis, sepsis
-shingles (reactivation of people who have had varicella)
Mononucleosis
-caused by EBV or CMV
-malaise,lethargy : classic hallmark
-sore throat
-fever
-lymphadenopathy
-splenomegaly : will persist for weeks after acute phase ends
What is something important to remember to teach families after a mono infection?
They will need to be on activity restriction for several weeks after infection due to risk of splenic rupture
When might you see night sweats in children?
TB or lymphoma
Fifth Disease
-Human parvovirus B19
-contact/droplet
-contagious during the week before rash appears
Fifth Disease symptoms
-intense red facial rash (slapped face)
-extremity rash starting 1 day after facial rash and lasting 1 or more weeks
Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
-viral illness caused by enterovirus
-most common in kids <5y
-droplet and contact
HFM symptoms
-initial: fever, poor appetite, malaise, sore throat
-1-2 days later: painful ulcers in mouth (herpangina)
-1-2 days later: skin rash with flat or raised red spots and blisters, usually on palms and soles, can also be on knees, elbows, buttocks, or genital areas
Lyme Disease
-bacterial illness caused by tick bites
-can affect skin, joints, heart, and nervous system
Symptoms of early localized Lyme disease
-Early localized disease: bulls-eye rash with burning and warmth (3-30 days after tick bite). Can also have fever, chills, headache, swollen lymph nodes
How to prevent Lyme disease
-wear long pants and shirt in wooded areas
-inspect skin and shower immediately
Children with MRSA can attend school as long as ____.
The wound is covered with a dry bandage
