Immuno

Question 1

What is the role of IFN-y?

Answer 1

Th1 → IFN-y → stimulates macrophages to form phagolysosome, release ROS (iNOS), produce TNF → TNF recruits monocytes to form granuloma and caseous necrosis; IFN-y also activates CTLs

Question 2

What is the triad of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?

Answer 2

Thrombocytopenic purpura
Eczema
Recurrent infections

Question 3

Where does VDJ recombination of B cells occur within the body?

Answer 3

Bone marrow

Question 4

What is the normal timeline for acute transplant rejection? What type of hypersensitivity reaction is usually present?

Answer 4

1 - 4 weeks type IV T cell mediated

you would see dense interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate on histology

Question 5

What are the 2 causes of SCID?

Answer 5

1. X-linked (most common)

2. Adenosine deaminase deficiency (autosomal recessive)

Question 6

What is the main difference in immune response between live attenutated vaccines and killed vaccines?

Answer 6

Live attenuated → mucosal immunity (secretory IgA production)
Killed → no mucosal immunity (no secretory IgA)
Hint: usually live attenuated vaccines are delivered to mucosal surfaces and killed are delivered IM

Question 7

What are the two vaccines for polio?

Answer 7

1. killed: salk formaldehyde-inactivated polio vacine (IPV)

2. live: sabin live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV)

Question 8

What does NF-kB do? What is a disease that may be linked to NF-kB overproduction?

Answer 8

stimulates cytokine production; Chron’s disease (via a mutation in the NOD2 gene for an intracellular receptor that triggers the NF-kB pathway) → blunted response to microbes → microbes persist → chronic inflammation