Pharm

Question 1

Does momma barb induce or inhibit CYT P450?

Answer 1

induce!

Question 2

What is varenicicline?

Answer 2

A partial agonist at nicotinic Ach receptors → decreases cravings and reward of nicotine

Question 3

Name two mast cell stabilizing agents. How do they work?

Answer 3

Cromolyn and nedocromil. These prevent degranulation.

Question 4

Azole mechanism:

Answer 4

inhibit synthesis of ergosterol by the fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes

Question 5

What is the class and mechanism of action of streptomycin?

Answer 5

Aminoglycoside; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit and inhibiting initiation of protein synthesis

Question 6

Which TB drug works best for TB engulfed by Mø’s? Why?

Answer 6

Pyrazinamide - works best at low pH, as within phagolysosome

Question 7

Antibiotic of choice for lung abscess?

Answer 7

Clindamycin - it covers anaerobes; binds 50S subunit (like macrolides), inhibiting protein synth

Question 8

In what patients should succinylcholine NOT be used?

Answer 8

patients at high risk for hyperkalemia: burns, myopathies, crush injuries, and denervating injuries/dz

Question 9

What diuretic can be used to prevent osteoporosis in patients with CHF?

Answer 9

thiazides

Question 10

What category of drugs have the suffix “-dronate”? What are these types of drugs a structural analog of?

Answer 10

Bisphosphonates (eg. alendronate); pyrophosphate (a component of hydroxyapatite → makes it more insoluble; these drugs also inhibit osteoclasts)

Question 11

What is the mechanism of heparin?

Answer 11

binds tight to and activates antithrombin → ↓ action of IIa (thrombin) and factor Xa

Question 12

What drugs, when taken with statins → myopathy and hepatitis?

Answer 12

fibrates (e.g. gemfibrozil which ↑ conc. of statins and finofibrate which has its own risk of myopathy which compounds with that of statins)

Question 13

What is the mechanism of argatroban?

Answer 13

direct thrombin inhibitor: binds to thrombin active site

Question 14

What is raltegravir?

Answer 14

an integrase inhibitor used in HIV therapy

Question 15

What drug targets CD20+ cells?

Answer 15

Rituximab

Question 16

Which 3 drugs are used for MRSA?

Answer 16

Vancomycin
Daptomycin
Linezolid

Question 17

What is the mechanism of action of daptomycin?

Answer 17

Depolarization of cell membrane

Question 18

What drugs are associated with drug-induced SLE?

Answer 18

hydralazine, procainamide, quinidine, isoniazid, minocycline

Question 19

What are the 3 common side effects of -navirs (protease inhibitors)? What are these drugs used for?

Answer 19

1. lipodystrophy
2. hyperglycemia
3. inhibition of P-450
   used for AIDS and hep C

Question 20

Besides myopathy, what is the other major toxicity of statins (and most antilipid drugs in general)?

Answer 20

hepatoxicity - must monitor LFTs

Question 21

If a person is a slow acetylator for isoniazid, what else will they acetylate slowly?

Answer 21

1. dapsone
2. hydralazine
3. procainamide

Question 22

Mechanism of resistance to TB drugs:

1. isoniazid
2. rifampin
3. ethambutol
4. pyrazinamide
5. streptomycin

Answer 22

1. isoniazid: ↓ production of mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme or altered mycolic acid synthesis binding site
2. rifampin: altered DNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene
3. ethambutol: ↑ arabinosyl transferase production
4. pyrazinamide: modify pyrazinamidase to be ineffective at activating pyrazinamide
5. stroptomycin: modify 30S to prevent binding

Question 23

What is the generic name of Ambien? What other drugs share this class?

Answer 23

Zolpidem, Zaleplon, esZopliclone