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Immuno from quizlet Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Lymphocytes

A

T, B, and NK cells

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2
Q

phagocytes

A

Macrophages
Neutrophils
Dendritic cells

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3
Q

cytotoxic cells

A

CD8
NK cells
Eosinophils (kill parasites if IgE coated)

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4
Q

which cells are recruited into infected tissue?

A 
Monocyte (become macs)
NK cell
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Effector CD4
Effector CD8
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5
Q

which cells are resident in tissue?

A

Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Mast cells

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6
Q

innate branch

A

responds quickly

composed of mostly myeloid lineage cells

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7
Q

adaptive branch

A

responds later and is composed mostly of lymphoid lineage cells - B & T cells

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8
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Humoral immunity is mediated by complement and antibodies

complement = extracellular

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9
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

phagocytosis

cytotoxicity

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10
Q

Naïve lymphocytes get into the lymph node using __

A

Naïve lymphocytes get into the LN using HEVs

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11
Q

Lymphocytes get into the spleen via __

A

Lymphocytes get into the spleen via sinusoids

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12
Q

DCs get into the lymph node using __

A

DCs get into the LN using afferent lymphatics

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13
Q

DCs carry antigen from WHAT into spleen white pulp?

A

DCs carry antigen from sinusoids/blood into spleen white pulp

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14
Q

MALT includes secondary lymphoid tissue under the mucosa of - what 3 tracts?

A

MALT includes secondary lymphoid tissue under the

mucosa of the gut,
respiratory tracts
urogenital tracts.

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15
Q

monoclonal vs polyclonal

A

The antigen on each T-cell or each B-cell

are monoclonal, but to pathogen receptors adaptive responses are polyclonal.

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16
Q

Clonal deletion prevents WHAT cells from recognizing and reacting to self cells.

A

Clonal deletion prevents adaptive cells from recognizing and reacting to self cells.

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17
Q

Clonal expansion of adaptive cells generates WHAT cells.

A

Clonal expansion of adaptive cells generates both effector cells and memory cells

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18
Q

Secondary responses result from clonal expansion of WHAT cells.

A

Secondary responses result from clonal expansion of memory cells.

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19
Q

viral/bacterial nucleic acids are sensed by__

A

•Endosomal TLRs
Cytoplasmic RLRs
•Some cytoplasmic NLRs

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20
Q

antigen presenting cells

A

dendritic cells
B cells
macrophages

Thymus epithelial cells also express MHC Class 2

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21
Q

TH1 T cells

A

induced by: IL-12, Interferon-gamma
transcription factor: T-bet

cytokines made: IL-2, Interferon-gamma

function:

  • IL2 activates CD8 T cells in LN
  • Interferon-gamma induces expression of Ig-G
  • Interferon-gamma induces Macs & NK to kill in infected tissue
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22
Q

TH2 T cells

A

induced by: IL-4
transcription factor: GATA-3

cytokines made: IL-4, IL-5

function:

  • IL-4 & IL-5 activate naive B cells in LN
  • defense against helminths
  • produce IG-E - involved in allergy
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23
Q

TH17 T cells

A

induced by: TGF-beta, IL-6
transcription factor: ROR-gamma-T

cytokines made: IL-6, IL-17

function:

  • activate neutrophils to kill
  • involved in autoimmunity
  • defend against extracellular yeast & bacteria
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24
Q

T follicular (Tfh) T cells

A

induced by: IL-21, IL-23, ICOSL
transcription factor: Bcl-6

cytokines made: IL-4, IL-13

function:
- key source of cytokines in lymph node - promote class switching
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25
T-reg T cells
induced by: TGF-beta transcription factor: fox-p-3 cytokines made: TGF-beta, IL-10 function: - down-regulate T cell proliferation - deplete IL-2 - decrease T cell expansion - differentiated by TGF-beta in absence of inflammatory cytokines
26
BCG /tuberculosis vaccine type
attenuated live bacteria
27
Sabin polio vaccine type
attenuated live virus
28
Salk polio vaccine type
inactivated virus
29
pertussis /whooping cough vaccine type
inactivated bacteria (old pertussis) and toxoid/subunit (new pertussis)
30
tetanus vaccine type
toxoid
31
Haemophilus influenza b vaccine type
conjugate vaccine
32
hepatitis B vaccine type
subunit/viral coat vaccine
33
``` T cell deficiency CD4 deficiency (lack MHC II expression) RAG deficiency ADA deficiency common gamma chain deficiency ```
life threatening opportunistic infections: intractable diarrhea, pneumonia, thrush
34
what subunit is unchanging, constant, not polymorphic
beta-2-microglobulin on MHC Class 1
35
neutrophil deficiency
- pyogenic bacterial infections | - yeast infections
36
NADPH oxidase deficiency
- pyogenic bacterial infections - yeast infections - Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
37
LFA-1 and MAC-1 deficiency
pyogenic bacterial infections | high neutrophil count = high WBC
38
C3 deficiency
pyogenic bacterial infections | all 3 complement pathways affected
39
C8 deficiency
Nesseira meningitis infection (cannot MAC attack)
40
B cell deficiency Btk deficiency antibody expression deficiency Rituximab
pyogenic bacterial infections
41
CD40L deficiency
pyogenic bacterial infections | occasional fungal infections
42
IL-17 deficiency | (also found in AIRE deficiency
yeast infections
43
NK cell deficiency
severe viral infections
44
CD8 deficiency
severe viral infections
45
INF-gamma deficiency
severe tuberculosis / intracellular bacteria
46
Type 1 hypersensitivity
Ig-E mediated, Th2 and eosinophils involved ``` Allergic asthma (lower resp) Allergic rhinitis (upper resp) Acute urticaria (skin) Systemic anaphylaxis (allergen in blood) ```
47
Type 2 hypersensitivity
IgG binds to cell surface antigen ``` penicillin reaction = B cells make anti-penicillin IgG - binds to penicillin on blood cells - lysis - low blood count, delayed clotting chronic urticaria (IgG against Fc-epsilon R) Myasthenia gravis (IgG against Ach R) Pemphigus (IgG against desmoglein) ```
48
Type 3 hypersensitivity
IgG - form immune complexes and activate complement ``` antiserum sickness arthus reaction Cyroglobulinemia-induced vasculitis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Lupus (IgG antibodies to DNA) ```
49
Type 4 hypersensitivity
T cell mediated Th1 - mac activation Th2 - IgE production CTL - cytotoxicity contact dermatitis/poison ivy (Th1) tuberculin reaction (Th1) chronic asthma, chronic allergic rhinitis (Th2) graft rejection (CTL) Type 1 diabetes Celiac disease rheumatoid arthritis (can also be Type 2 or Type 3)
50
AIRE deficiency
autoimmunities against endocrine glands; recurrent yeast infections (IL-17 deficiency) Dec T cell central tolerance
51
Fox-P-3 deficiency
multiple autoimmunities villous atrophy and severe watery diarrhea skin hypersensitivity Treg cannot differenciate --> Dec Peripheral tolerance
52
what diseases involve molecular mimicry?
Antibiotic-resistant arthritis in Lyme disease - exo peptide and LFA-1 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: exo pneumonia peptide and Rh protein in red blood cell makes IgM response - epitope spread - C3b activation & opsonization
53
Chronic urticaria
Type II - IgG binding to cell surface IgG autoantibodies bind Fc-epsilon receptors on mast cell and activate complement C3a and C5a generated by classical complement activation degranulate mast cell to release HM and synthesize LTs
54
Hyper-IgM
Recurrent pyogenic infections | Poor defense against intracellular bacteria/tuberculosis
55
extracellular pathogen - removed by
phagocytosis and complement
56
intracellular pathogen - removed by
cytotoxicity
57
TGF-beta - class switch
IgA
58
INF-g - class switch
IgG (odd #)
59
IL-4 - class switch
IgE
60
IgM functions
- early response - activate complement - pentamer
61
IgG functions
- most abundant class in blood; found in any tissue - cross placenta - bind to Fc-gamma receptors on phagocytes (Macs, Neuts) and NK cells (ADCC killing)
62
IgA functions
- found in secretions, mucosa, breastmilk | - most abundant class overall
63
IgE functions
- allergy - helminths - sensitize mast cells
64
IL-2 deficiency
impair T-reg development impair peripheral tolerance does NOT impair naive T cell activation
65
C1, C2, C4 deficiency
increase immune complex disease decrease clearance of antigen-antibody complex C1q (worst) > C4 > C3
66
what does LPS bind?
surface TLR4
67
cross-presenting vs conventional DC
conventional DC: takes exogenous proteins - present on MHC Class 2 - get CD4 helper cross-presenting DC is uninfected : takes exogenous proteins - present on MHC Class 1 - get CD8 killer "exogenous" means the protein was endocytosed (does not refer to self/foreign)
68
What cells present HLA Class I and not HLA Class II?
``` CD4 CD8 Epithelial cells Neutrophils NK cells ```
69
What cell present both HLA Class I & Class II?
B cells DC Macrophages
70
Which conditions can cause a pyogenic bacterial infection?
``` Deficiencies: Neutrophil NADPH oxidase LFA-1 MAC-1 C3 CD40L B cell Btk Ab expression ``` Condition: Hyper IgM

Immuno (4 decks)

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