Immunology

Question 1

What is immunuology

Answer 1

The study of an organisms defense system in health and disease

Question 2

Which three things is the immune system composed of

Answer 2

Organs (eg spleen)
Cells (t cells)
Molecules (eg antibodies)

Question 3

What is the immune system

Answer 3

An organized system of organs cells and molecules that interact together to defend the body against disease

Question 4

What are the 4 microbes

Answer 4

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa

Question 5

What are disease causing microbes called

Answer 5

Pathogens

Question 6

What is a primary lymphoid organ

Answer 6

Produces white blood cells

Question 7

What is a secondary lymphoid system

Answer 7

Sites where the immune responses are initiated

Question 8

What is the bone marrow purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary

Answer 8

Produces stem cells which develop into the innate and adaptive cells, primary

Question 9

What is the thymus purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary

Answer 9

It is the school for white blood cells called t cells.
It is a primary lymphoid organ
The cells learn not to react to own body
Not many ‘pass’
Those that dont pass die

Question 10

What is the spleen purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary

Answer 10

Site of initiation for immune responses against blood borne pathogens
Secondary

Question 11

What is the lymph nodes purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary

Answer 11

Loxated along the lymphatic vesselsWhere lymph fluid from blood and tissue is filtered. Site of initiation of immune responses
Secondary

Question 12

What are the three layers of the immune system

Answer 12

Chemical and physical barriers
Innate arm
Adaptive arm

Question 13

What is the epidermis (outer) layer if the skin made up of

Answer 13

Dead cells, keratin, phagocytic immune cells

Question 14

What is the dendritic cell (middle layer) of the skin made up of

Answer 14

Dendritic cells

Question 15

What is the dermis layer (innermost) made up of

Answer 15

Connective tissue, collagen, and blood vessels and phagocytic immune cells

Question 16

What does phagocyte mean

Answer 16

A cell that’s a big eater - this means that if there’s a cell that should not be there it will eat it and hopefully destroy it

Question 17

What does lysozyme on the skin do

Answer 17

Breaks down bacterial walls

Question 18

What does sebum do

Answer 18

It has a low ph meaning its acidic so will destroy cells

Question 19

What does salt on th skin do

Answer 19

Will dry out the pathogens

Question 20

What is the outer layer of the mucous membrane called

Answer 20

Mucus layer

Question 21

What is the middle layer of the mucous membrane called

Answer 21

Epithelium

Question 22

What is the inner layer of the mucous membrane called

Answer 22

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 23

What are the chemical defenses if the skin

Answer 23

Antimicrobial peptides, lysozyme, sebum, salt

Question 24

What does the epithelium layer of the mucous membrane do

Answer 24

The tightly packed live cells are physical barriers, they get constantly renewed, and have mucous producing goblet cells

Question 25

Where are mucosal membranes

Answer 25

They line the parts of the body that lead to the outside and are exposed to air

Question 26

How does the mucociliary elevator work

Answer 26

Cilia move mucous up thr the pharynx (image cilia like villi)

Question 27

What are the 6 chemical defences of the mucosal surfaces

Answer 27

``` Stomach has low ph Call bladder, bile microbes cant grow Intestine digestive enzymes that brake down any pathogens that we might eat Mucus traps particles Defensins Lysozyme, tears and urine ```

Question 28

What are the two arms of the immune system

Answer 28

Innate and adaptive defences

Question 29

What are the two parts to the inate defense system

Answer 29

Surface barrier eg skin and mucous membranes | Internal defences eg phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, antimicrobial proteins, fever

Question 30

What are the two sections of the adaptive defense system

Answer 30

Humural immunity, Bcells | Cellular immunity, t cells

Question 31

Is inate immunity fast or slow

Answer 31

Fast

Question 32

Is adaptive immunity fast or slow

Answer 32

Slow

Question 33

Is innate immunity specific and shows it have memory

Answer 33

No and no

Question 34

Is adaptive immunity specific and does it have memory

Answer 34

Yes and yes

Question 35

What is blood composed of

Answer 35

Plasma and cells

Question 36

What 3 rhings is plasma made up of

Answer 36

Proteins, water and other solutes

Question 37

What are the 3 types of formed elements in the blood

Answer 37

Platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells

Question 38

Where di blood cells get made

Answer 38

Bone marrow

Question 39

What are bone marrow stem cells known as

Answer 39

Hematopoiesis

Question 40

Are erythroid cells red blood cells or white blood cells

Answer 40

Red blood cells

Question 41

What are the two types of white blood cells

Answer 41

Myeloid and lymphoid

Question 42

What are myeloid cells made up of

Answer 42

Granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells and platelets

Question 43

Myeloid cell are mostly innate or adaptive

Answer 43

Innate immune cells

Question 44

What are lymphoid made up of

Answer 44

B and T lymphocytes

Question 45

WhT are granulocytes

Answer 45

Cells with lots of granules

Question 46

What do granulocytes do

Answer 46

They circulate in the blood and can move into tissue during inflammation