Nervous System Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
What is intergration
A
Message sent to the brain. Eg am I hungry, do I want that food, do I want that much food?
2
Q
What is coordination
A
Your planned response to the problem. Eg preparing to eat, crave another type of food, thoughts on something completely different
3
Q
What is reponse
A
Your response to the problem eg order food, fk for another kind of food, or walk away
4
Q
What is you CNS
A
Central nervous system
Consists of brain and spinal cord
5
Q
What is your CNS consist of
A
Brain and spinal cord
6
Q
What is your CNS composed of
A
Neurons and glia
7
Q
What is your PNS
A
Peripheral nervous system
Consist of peripheral nerves and ganglia
8
Q
What does your PNS consist of
A
Peripheral nerves and ganglia
9
Q
What is your PNS composed of
A
Neurons and glia
10
Q
What are neurons
A
Cells specialized for transmission if information
11
Q
What are neurons
A
Cells specialized for transmission if information
12
Q
How many types of neurons
A
4 morphological types
13
Q
What are glia
A
Support for neurons
14
Q
How many basic types of glia
A
5 - 4 in the CNS and 1 in the PNS
- Each type has a special function
15
Q
For glia how many of the basic types are found in the CNS and PNS
A
4 in CNS
1 in PNS
16
Q
Where are dendrites found
A
Around the input area of cell body
17
Q
What are dendrites function
A
To receive input and send info into cell body
18
Q
Where is the cell body of the neuron found
A
In the center of the input area
19
Q
What is the cell body’s features
A
Contains the nucleus and organelles
Sums the input
20
Q
Where is the axon found
A
The ‘shaft’ of the neuron in the conduction zone
21
Q
What are the axons features
A
Carries the electrical impulses
May or may not be myelinated
22
Q
Where are the axon terminals found
A
The output zone of neurons
23
Q
What is the function of axon terminals
A
Neurontransmittoe release
24
Q
What is the axon terminals featurea
A
End of axon
Neurotransmitror release
25
In the central nervous system what are a group of cell bodies called
Nucleus
26
In the central nervous system what are a bundle of axons called
Tract
27
In the central nervous system what are a group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex or spinal cord called
Grey matter
28
In the central nervous system what are a bundle of axons in cerebral cortex spinal cord called
White matter
29
In the PNS what are a group of cell bodies called
Ganglion
30
In the PNS what are a BUNDLE of axons called
Nerve
31
Where is the summation zone
Axon hillock
32
What is the purpose of the summation zone
To sum the inputs before the action potential
33
Where is the axon hillock
The top of the axon between the cell body and the axon
34
Where is the input zone
The dendrites and cell body
35
What is the function of input zone
To receive chemical signals from other neurons
36
Where is the conduction zone found
On the axon
37
What is the function of the conduction zone
To carry electrical signals between brains areas and spinal cord or from peripheral sensory receptors to effector cells
38
Where is the output zone
At the axon terminals at bottom on neuron
39
What is the function of output zone
To contact with other inputs zones to release neurotransmitter/chemical signal
40
What are the 4 different neuron cells
Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar, anaxonic
41
How many processes does the multipolar cell neuron have
Multiple processes which emanate from cell body
42
How many processes does the bipolar cell neuron have
Two processes emanate from cell body
43
How many processes does the unipolar cell neuron have
One process emanates from cell body
44
How many processes does the anaxonic cell neuron have
No district axon - all processes look alike
45
What are the 4 CNS glia cells
Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, oliogodendrocytes
46
What is the features of the astrocytes (glia cell)
Supply nutrients to neurons
Ensheath blood capillaries
Injury reponse
47
What are the features of the microglia (glia cell)
Immune cells of the CNS
| engulf microorganisms and debris
48
What are the features of ependymal cells (glia cells)
Line fluid filled spaces of brain and spinal cord
| Have cilia which beat rhythmically and in particular direction to circulate the cerebral spinal fluid around the brain
49
What are the features Oligodendrocytes (glia cells)
Support nerve fibre
| enshaeth them with myelin
50
What is the PNS glia cell
Schwann cells
51
What is the schwann cells function (glia cell)
To support peripheral nerve fibers
| Ensheath them with myelin
52
What is a myelin sheath
Lots of glia cells (oliogodendrocytes in CNS and schwann cells is PNS)
53
What is the purpose of the myelin sheath
To increase conduction velocity
54
What is nodes of ranvier
Gaps between myelin sheath
55
What is synapse
A junction between neurons where communication between the two occurs
56
What does pre synaptic neuron mean
The neuron Before the synapse
57
What does post synaptic neuron mean
The neuron After the synapse
58
What is the information that goes into the brain known as
Afferent or ascending
59
What is the reposnse that comes put of the brain known as
Efferent or descending
60
What does somatic information mean
We are aware of it eg voluntary muscle control
61
What does somatic efferent mean
Outgoing information that we are aware of eg going for a run
62
What does somatic afferent mean
Incoming information that we are aware of eg sensors
63
What does autonomic information mean
The stuff we aren't aware of/ have not control of
64
What does autonomic efferent mean
Outgoing information that we are unaware of
| Eg neurons carrying info to contract heartbeat
65
What does autonomic afferent mean
Incoming info that we dont know about
| Eg blood pressure - our brain knows it but we dont
66
How many neurons involved in the somatic efferent division
Two - upper motor neuron (cell body in the brain)and lower motor neuron (cell body in spinal cord)
67
Is the upper motor neuron in the somatic efferent division myelinated
Yes
68
Is the lower motor neuron in the somatic efferent division myelinated
Yes
69
What are the neurotransmitters involved with somatic efferent
Both are acetylcholine(Ach)
70
What is the synapse between neurons and skeletal muscles called
Neuromuscular junction
71
What is the effector of the somatic efferent division
Skeletal muscle
72
What are the two divisions of the autonomic efferent nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
73
What are the effectors of the autonomic efferent nervous system
Smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose (fat tissue)
74
How many neurons between the brain and the effector of the autonomic efferent nervous system
3
75
Are the neurons In the autonomic efferent nervous system myelinated
The first two are and the third isn't
76
What is the ganglion between the second and third neurons of the autonomic efferent nervous system called
Autonomic ganglion
77
How long is an action potential completed in
2-3 milaseconds
78
What do in channels do
Permit selective passages of ions Into and out of the cell
79
The movement of ions results in a current flow and change in transmembrane volatge. This is known as
Action potential
80
Where does the spinal cord begin
At the foramen magnum
81
Where does the spinal cord end
Inferior border 9f the lumbar vertebra
82
What does the spinal cord sit within
A sac made of meninges thats in the spinal cavity
83
Where is the spinal cavity
Within the vertebrae
84
What is the protective covering I'd the brain called
Meninges
85
What are the three layers of protective tissues in the meninges called
Durant mater, arachnid, piano mater
86
What is the outermost layer of protective tissue called in the brain
Durant mater
87
How many layers are there in Dura mater
2
88
What does the space between the two layers of dura mater called
Venous sinuses
89
What are the folds formed by the inner layer of the dura mater called
Rural folds
90
What is the purpose of the dura mater
To separate the major divisions if the brain and provide stability for it
91
What are the three names of the dura folds
Flax cerebri, falx cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli
92
What parts of the brain does the falx cerebri seperate
Cerebral hemispheres
93
What parts of the brain does the falx cerebelli seperate
Cerebellar hemispheres
94
What parts of the brain does the tentorium cerebelli seperate
Separates cerebrum from cerebellum (horizontal)
95
What is the venous sinus
The space between the inner and outer layers of the dura mater
96
What is the purpose of the venous sinus
To collect things from the veins. Blood from the brain and old CSF
97
What is arachnid mater
The middle layer of the meninges
98
What are the two special features of the arachnid mater
The subarachnoid space and the arachnid granulations.
99
What is within the subarachnoid space
Blood vessels and CSF
