Immunology

Question 1

1st
and 2nd line of defense

Answer 1

Natural immunity
Non-specific and rapid

Question 2

3rd line of defense

Has a standardized magnitude of response

Answer 2

Adaptive immunity
Specific and slow

Question 3

Composition of Innate immunity

Answer 3

Phagocytic leukocytes
Dendritic cells
NK cells
Plasma proteins

Question 4

Cardinal sign
Redness

Answer 4

Rubor - Increase blood flow

Question 5

Cardinal sign
Heat

Answer 5

Calor - Interleukin production

Question 6

Cardinal sign
Pain

Answer 6

Dolor - (lactic acid production)

Question 7

Cardinal sign
Loss of function

Answer 7

Functio Laesa

Question 7

Cardinal sign
Swelling
(release of fluid
to surrounding tissue)

Answer 7

Tumor

Question 8

Plasma proteins that
increase rapidly by at
least 25% due to
infection, Trauma or
injury.

Answer 8

Acute Phase Reactants

Question 9

Best marker for acute inflammation

Answer 9

C-Reactive Protein
6 to 10 hours

Question 10

6 to 10 hours,
best marker for acute inflammation

Question 11

True or False
If TLR bonds in its receptor
phagocytosis will occur

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Toll like receptors for gram (+) bacteria

Answer 12

TLR2

Question 13

Toll like receptors for gram (-) bacteria

Answer 13

TLR4

Question 14

Innate immunity involves?

Answer 14

Inflammation
Acute Phase Reactants
Phagocytosis
Interferons
Tumor Necrosis Factor
Betalysin
Complement system

Question 15

substances that coat particles and other organism
and make them more susceptible to phagocytosis. (Ex. C3b)

Answer 15

Opsonins

Question 16

test for chemotaxis

Answer 16

Boyden chamber assay

Question 17

HOW ANTIGENS ARE DESTROYED

Answer 17

■ Activation of NADPH oxidase
■ Nitric Oxide
■ Formation of Phagolysosome

Question 18

✓ Inability to kill ingested microorganism
✓ Impaired NAPDH oxidase
✓ Test: Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test

Answer 18

Chronic granulomatous Disease

Question 19

Incubation of Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test

Answer 19

37C for 15mins

Question 20

Syndromes that involves Abnormal Chemotactic
Movement

Answer 20

✓ Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome
✓ Job’s Syndrome

Question 21

Positive and Negative color for:
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test

Answer 21

Purple-blue = Formazan (+) normal
Yellow = Formazan (-) abnormal

Question 22

Type 1 interferons and their major producers

Answer 22

Alpha - NK cells
Beta - Fibroblasts and EC

Question 23

Type 2 interferon and it’s major producer

Answer 23

Gamma - T cells

Question 24

TNF ALPHA is produced by?

Answer 24

Macrophage

Question 25

TNF BETA is produced by?

Answer 25

CD41 and CD8 cells

Question 26

Release by platelets during coagulation ✓ Lysis of many G (+) bacteria

Answer 26

Betalysin

Question 27

Pathway that Requires IgM or IgG for activation

Answer 27

Classical pathway

Question 28

order of activation by classical

Answer 28

C142356789

Question 29

C1 is not needed in this pathway

Answer 29

Lectin pathway

Question 30

C124 is not needed in this pathway

Answer 30

Alternative pathway a.k.a properdin pathway

Question 31

Cleaves factor B into Bb in the presence of C3 and Mg ions

Answer 31

Factor D

Question 32

binds to C3bBb to prevent spontaneous decay of the complex

Answer 32

Properdin (Factor P)

Question 33

binds to C3b to form C3 convertase

Answer 33

Factor B

Question 34

Classical pathway C3 convertase

Answer 34

C4b2a

Question 35

Classical pathway C5 convertase

Answer 35

C4b2a3b

Question 36

Alternative pathway C3 convertase

Answer 36

C3bBb

Question 37

Alternative pathway C5 convertase

Answer 37

C3bBb3b

Question 38

dissociates C1r and C1s from C1q

Answer 38

C1 inhibitor ( C1 INH)

Question 39

cleaves C3b and C4b

Answer 39

Factor I

Question 40

Competes for factor B

Answer 40

Factor H

Question 41

acts as a cofactor with I to inactivate C4b

Answer 41

C4 binding protein

Question 42

prevent attachment of the C5b67 complex to cell membrane

Answer 42

S protein (vitronectin)

Question 43

accelerates dissociation of C3 convertase

Answer 43

Decay accelerating factor (DAF)

Question 44

clinical significance of decreased complement components

Answer 44

auto immune disorder

Question 45

amount of C’ serum that can cause hemolysis of the 50 % reagent RBC

Answer 45

CH50 Assay

Question 46

immunity obtained after injection of gamma globulin for the induction of an immune state

Answer 46

passive artificial immunity

Question 47

immunity obtained from vaccination

Answer 47

active artificial immunity

Question 48

largest secondary lymphoid organ

Answer 48

spleen

Question 49

T cells are found on:

Answer 49

- Medullary perifollicular and paracortical region of lymph node - Periarteriolar regions of spleen - Thoracic duct of circulatory system

Question 50

B cells are found on:

Answer 50

- Follicular of lymph nodes - Primary follicles and red pulp of spleen - Follicular region of Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

Question 51

what T cell receptor is for Sheep RBC

Answer 51

CD2

Question 52

what T cell receptor is the Antigen Receptor complex

Answer 52

CD3

Question 53

T cell receptor of MHC class II molecule (T helper cells)

Answer 53

CD4

Question 54

Receptor of MHC class I molecule (T suppressor & T cytotoxic cells)

Answer 54

CD8

Question 55

what T cell receptor is involved with Interleukin 2

Answer 55

CD25

Question 56

what T cell receptor is seen in NK cells with the absence of CD3

Answer 56

CD56 and CD16

Question 57

Precursor cell in antibody production

Answer 57

B lymphocytes

Question 58

most common B cell

Answer 58

B2

Question 59

which B cell is found in the surface organ

Answer 59

B cell AB

Question 60

Double positive thymocytes development

Answer 60

w/ CD4 + CD 8 +

Question 61

Double negative thymocytes development

Answer 61

CD2 + no CD4 & CD 8

Question 62

Mature T cell development

Answer 62

Either by CD4 + or CD 8 +

Question 63

Activated T cell development

Answer 63

Binded by IL – 2 : Receptor : CD25

Question 64

Sensitized T cell development

Answer 64

Secretes lymphokines not sensitized t cell: memory T cell