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Acupuncture 1 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

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1
Q

Histamine is released from what type of allergic reaction

A

Type 1

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2
Q

What is the difference between the innate and adaptive immnunity?

A

Innate is activated first, complement and physiological barriers are always present. Innate uses neutrophils, APC like macrophages & NK cells. Innate is nonspecific & quick.

Adaptive is delayed and uses T cells & B cells

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3
Q

Bcells activate ___ which activate ___ which produce ____

A

Th2 CD4
Bcells
Antibodies

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4
Q

Macrophages activate ___ which activate ___ which then

A

Th1 CD4 T cells
macrophage
phagocytose

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5
Q

Unlike Th2 CD4 and Th1 CD4 Tcell, CD8 fights

A

viruses via apoptosis

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6
Q

Dendritic cells go to the

A

lymph nodes and activate the adaptive immune system

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7
Q

Monocyte vs macrophage

A

monocyte is in the blood, macrophage is in the tissue

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8
Q

Basophils

A

high in ALLERGY primarily –
normally very little in the blood – bind
IgE; release histamine&raquo_space; vasodilation (type 1 hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Eosinphils

A

larger PARASITIC INFXN
primarily but also allergy – more in blood
normally than basophils but still very
little

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10
Q

Neutrophils

A

bacterial infections or
fungal – highest concentration in blood
out of all white blood cell types

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11
Q

B cells do what?

A

make antibody

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12
Q

CD4 do what? and recognize what MHC?

A

help B cells

MHC 2

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13
Q

MHC 1 is on what cells?

A

all nucleolated cells except RBC

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14
Q

MHC 2 is on what cells?

A

antigen presenting (B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages)

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15
Q

CD8 cells are activated by who? and recognize which MHC?

A

IL-2 - Intracellular pathogen (virus)

MHC 1

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16
Q

Il2 stimulates

A

T cells (CD8)

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17
Q

IgM

A

when I AM sick its the frst one to detect when there is an antigen, so it is from the innate response,

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18
Q

IgG

A

only one that crosses the placenta and protects the new born for the first 4-6 months of life from the mom, type 2 & 3 hypersensivity. on the Fc receptor

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19
Q

IgA

A

in breast milk, mucous. Neutralizer, not inflammatory. made by plasma cells in the respiratory & GI tract

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20
Q

IgE

A

basophils & mast cells, type 1 hypersensivity (allergy/anaphylaxis)

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21
Q

the constant determines ___ and is attached to ____

A

the isotope

the cell

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22
Q

IL1, IL8, TNF-alpha are all used during

A

acute inflammation

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23
Q

IL1

A

fever, made by macrophages during acute inflammation to cause a change in the vessel endothelium that promotes neutrophil extravasion. plays a role in the formation of fever, stimulates T cells

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24
Q

IL8

A

recruit neutrophils

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25
TNF-alpha
vascular leak, septic shock, macrophages
26
IL-10 + TGF-beta
inhibit inflammation (t cells)
27
IL2
growth of helper & cytotoxic from T helper cells
28
Severe combined immune deficiency is caused by
mutation of IL2 receptor
29
Leukrotriene B4, IL8 and C5a attract ___ during ____
neutrophils | acute inflammation
30
What antibody do you see first in an infection?
IgM
31
What antibody is the most abundant?
IgG
32
What antibody is high in parasitic infection?
Eosinophils
33
Highest concentration of WBC?
neutrophils
34
What type of infections are neutrophils present for?
bacterial & fungal
35
MHC1 is on
all nucleated cells except RBC, and are recognized by CD8 cells
36
CD8 does what?
kill viruses
37
CD4 do what?
help B cells
38
B cells make what antibodies?
IgG, IgM, IgE
39
MHC2 is on what?
APCs (bcells, macro, dc) recognized by CD4
40
CD4 Th1 do what?
recruit macrophages for phagocytosis
41
What do CD4 Th2 cells do?
inform b cells to make antibodies
42
all complement cascades meet at?
C3
43
Classical pathway is triggered by?
Ag-Ab complex (igG & IgM), but is also always on
44
Alternate pathway is triggered by?
microbial surface contact
45
C3b does what
opsonization
46
C5b does what?
initiates MAC
47
What C make up MAC?
6-9
48
SLE
ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-smith
49
RA
anti-IgG, rheumatoid factor IgM, anti-CCP
50
Myasthenia gravis
anti-Ach receptor which blocks nicotinic acethylcholine at the post synpatic neuromuscular junction
51
Grave's
anti-TSH receptor
52
Hashimotos
anti-microsomal
53
Celiac
anti-gliadin
54
goodpasture
antibody: GBM attack the basement membrane in lungs & kidneys attacks the alpha-3 subunit of type 4 collagen
55
CREST
anti-centromere
56
Sjoren's
anti-SS
57
Vasculitis
p-ANCA, c-ANCA
58
systemic scleorderma
anti-topoisomerase1
59
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Anaphylaxis (bee stong, eczema, bee sting) IgE
60
Type 2 hypersensitivty
Cell mediated, IgG, IgM, goodpastures, Rh incompatibility
61
Type 3 hypersensivity
immune complex, activates complement, tetanus vaccine, SLE, RA, serum sickness
62
Type 4 hypersensivity
delayed, no ab involvement, poison ivy, hapenated
63
Organ rejection
type 4 hypersensitivity, IL2,
64
Hyperacute Transplant rejection
happens in sugery, caused by blood type mismatch, Type 2 hypersensivity, thrombosis and occlusion of graft vessels
65
Acute Transplant Rejection
Weeks - months, T cell mediated against foreign MHC, type 4, leukocyte filtration of the graft vessel
66
Chronic transplant rejection
months to years, combo type 3 & 4, intimal thickening & fibrosis of graft vessels
67
graft vs. Host
donor t cells attack host, mostly in bone marrow transplants, diarrhea, rach & jaundice, onset varies

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