Immunology

Question 1

Molecules that stimulate the production of antibodies

Answer 1

antigens

Question 2

most antigens are what type of molecules

Answer 2

proteins and polysaccharides

Question 3

Kupffer Cells

Answer 3

Liver phagocytic cell.

Question 4

_______ are monocytes that have left the blood stream.

Answer 4

macrophages

Question 5

Basophils increase _______

Answer 5

vascular permeability

Question 6

G antibodies are prominent in

Answer 6

the gingiva and Girth

Question 7

A antibodies are found in _______ and prevent bact from…

Answer 7

excretions, tears, saliva, breastmilk

prevent bacteria from adhering to mucosal surfaces

Question 8

IgM is _______

Answer 8

made first when exposed to an allergen

Question 9

IgE antibodies are associated with

Answer 9

Type 1 hypersensitivities and mast cells

Question 10

Langerhans cells are special _______ on the skin, while Dendritic cells are _______ found in mammals

Answer 10

APCs

Question 11

plasma is composed of

Answer 11

water, antibodies, complement proteins, and water

Question 12

Where are the heavy and light chains located on antibodies

Answer 12

the Fab portion at the top of the “Y”

Question 13

The Fc region of antibodies remains _______ throughout it’s antibody class and is where what binds?

Answer 13

constant
Fc bind complement proteins
Fab bind antigens

Question 14

What is the purpose of the variation in the Fab region of antibodies

Answer 14

to allow for the Ab to recognize a specific antigen

Question 15

Killer T cells are what type of immunity

Answer 15

Specific

Question 16

Interferons, Natural killer cells, and complement pathway are all _______ immunity

Answer 16

nonspecific

Question 17

First cells to arrive on site of injury or infection

Answer 17

neutrophils- Fireman of inflammation

Release proteolytic enzymes

Question 18

First step of specific immunity

Answer 18

antigen presenting cells presents antigen

Question 19

What distinguishes a viral infection from other microbial insults

Answer 19

interferon production

Question 20

Interferons are what type of immunity`

Answer 20

nonspecific

Question 21

_______ interferons attack Hep C.

Answer 21

alpha

Question 22

Cells that provide rapid response to virus infected or tumor cells

Answer 22

Natural killer cells

Question 23

This cell does not require an antigen presenting cell for activation

Answer 23

Natural killer cell

Question 24

Opsonization

Answer 24

marking of antigen cells by antibodies for phagocytosis

Question 25

COPD of Antibody- antigen complex in non specific immunity

Answer 25

Chemotaxis by C5A Opsonization Increased vascular permeability Degranulation of mast cells for vasodilation

Question 26

Which antibodies start the classic compliment pathway

Answer 26

GM

Question 27

Which antibodies start the alternative complement pathway?

Answer 27

IgA (and endotoxins)

Question 28

T and B cells are both produced in the _______ but develope where?

Answer 28

produced in bone marrow T-cell mature in thymus B cell mature in bone marrow

Question 29

B cells(lymphocytes) need to be activated by what to undergo blastic transformation causing them to divide and into memory and plasma cells?

Answer 29

Interluken 2 (IL-2) from T cells

Question 30

How does an antigen activate specific immunity?

Answer 30

1) antigen is phagocytosed by an MHC2 APC. 2) , the antigen is degraded and put on the APC cell surface 3) a CD4 must bump into the APC MHC2 and match the antigen

Question 31

Purpose of MHC1 and MHC2 cell receptors

Answer 31

MHC1 is on all nucleated cells of body. If a cell is infected with a virus, CD8 T killer cells can find the MHC1 and kill the cell. 8x1=8 MHC2 is used for antigens. Antigens are picked up by MHC2 APCs which are found by CD4T cells. 2x4=8

Question 32

Tetanus antitoxin is used for which kind of specific immunity

Answer 32

antitox= Passive artificial immunity

Question 33

Tetanus toxoid is used for what type of spacific immunity

Answer 33

tetanus toxoid= artificial active immunity

Question 34

Natural active immunity is a result of

Answer 34

an infection

Question 35

Natural passive immunity is a result of

Answer 35

maternal transfer of IgG antibodies

Question 36

Helper T cells do what?

Answer 36

Release lymphokines causing proliferation of B, T, and macrophages. Suppressor T cells do the opposite

Question 37

T killer cells are CD_ and bind to which MHC

Answer 37

CD8 | MHC1

Question 38

Interleukin 1 is released by: | Stimulates:

Answer 38

IL1 released by macrophages | Stimulates T, B, neutrophils, and fibroblast growth and secretions

Question 39

Interleukin 2 is released by: | Stimulates:

Answer 39

IL2- Released by helper T cell(MHC2) | Stimulates growth of helper and cytotoxic T cells. Eventually causes antibodies to be produced

Question 40

Release lymphokines

Answer 40

T cells

Question 41

The first time you are exposed, Ig_ is released | the second time Ig_

Answer 41

1st: IgM(ade) 2nd: IgG(ets going)

Question 42

Haptens are

Answer 42

small molecules that require a carrier protein to ellicit an immune response from T killer cells in Type 4 Hypersensitivity

Question 43

ANA test(antiNuclear body test)

Answer 43

tests for autoantibodies. Type 3 hypersensitivity lupus

Question 44

Autoimmunity is caused by what

Answer 44

T cells overreacting and producing large amounts of antibodies against self.