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NBDE 1 Random subjects > Random Path > Flashcards

Random Path Flashcards

1
Q

3 major components of acute inflammation

A

Vascular size change

Structural change(vasodilation)

Immigration of neutrophils

RUBOR(redness), CALOR(heat), DOLOR(pain), TUMOR(swelling)

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2
Q

cell types for chronic inflammation

A

macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells

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3
Q

granulomatous inflammation

A

inflammation with large collections of macrophages

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4
Q

4 types of necrosis

A

Coagulative- myocardial infarction

LiquiFactive- Fungal infection in Lungs

Caseous- TB

Fat necrosis

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5
Q

ACID

A

4 types of hypersensitivities

1: Anaphalactic
2: Cytotoxic
3. Immune-Mediated
4: Delayed

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6
Q

Anaphalactic hypersensitivity

Time:

Antibody type:

Example:

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

5-30 minutes

Activates B-lymphocytes and IgE

Histamine release

food allergies

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7
Q

Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Antibody type:

Example:

A

Type 2

IgG, IgM (grandMa)

GrandMa shoot at the enemy but cause destruction around it

Erythroblastoma fetalis, Rheumatic (heart valve) fever

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8
Q

Immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity

A

Type 3

Mediated by antigen antibody complexes

Attacks neutrophils leading to lysosomal damage.

Systemic lupus erythematosus or penicillin reaction

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9
Q

Delayed/cell mediated hypersensitivity

A

Type 4

T lymphocytes encounter antigen, release leukokinin, leading to macrophage activation

TB skin test, contact dermatitis, corneal transplant rejection

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10
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)

A

Femal 10:1 male

Malar rash

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)

Joint pain

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11
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

worse in morning

women

40-50 y/o

positive RF test

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12
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome

A

Effects exocrine cells

Dry mouth, dry eyes, arthritis

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13
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Giant cell arteritis

55 Y/o+

scalp tenderness and jaw claudication.

Pt will often have polymyalgia rheumatica(stiff painful muscles)

C reactive proteins

Temporal biopsy

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14
Q

Wegners granulomatosis

A

systemic vasculitis involving upper res[iratory, lungs, and kidneys

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15
Q

Scleroderma

A

Disorder causing inflammation and vascular changes of skin and internal organs

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16
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A

Bullseye lesions

HSV

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17
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris

A

Vulgar blistering of skin caused by IgG against desmosomes.

Nikolski test(pop blister)

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18
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid

A

Blistering disease caused by autoimmune response to hemidesmosomes

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19
Q

Oral lichen planus

A

No plan for cure

chronic inflammatory disorder

Wickhams striae-white papule/striations

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20
Q

RNA virus that uses reverse transcriptase to make viral DNA

A

HIV

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21
Q

Elisa test and western blot are used to confirm

A

HIV/AIDS

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22
Q

Lesion has a stuck on appearence. Tan colored

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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23
Q

Isolated dome shaped nodules on the face that mimic squamous cell carcinoma

A

keratoacanthoma

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24
Q

Slow growing squamous epithelial tumors(viral warts) caused by HPV. Can have skin tag appearance.

A

Papillomas

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25
Q

Yellow elevated plaque like lesions on the medial portion of the eyelid

A

xanthelasma

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26
Q

Chronic infectious skin condition caused by pox virus. If multiple nidules are present ,HIV may be present

A

Molluscum Contagiousm

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27
Q

Honey colored crusted lesions caiused by gram + infection

A

impetigo

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28
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Most common cancer of young women

Depth is best prognostic indicator

ABCDE: asymetry, border iregularity, color differences, diameter and enlarging.

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29
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Malignancy in babsal cell layer. Shiny, firm nodule.

Treat with biopsy or 5-FU

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30
Q

SCC

A

Malignancy in squamous layer.

Can arise from non-cancerous lesion actinic keratosis

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31
Q

most common cause of primary amenorrhea

A

No menstraul cycle

Turners syndrome(Xo)

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32
Q

Hyperpigmentation of the lips, vermilian boarder, and buccal mucosa is a good indication for

A

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

A monogenic disorder

33
Q

Cafe au lait spots, neurofibromas, and Lisch nodules

A
34
Q

pt has osteomas in the jaw and has also had a colonectomy.

A

FAP

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

35
Q

Sickle cell anemia, Phenylketonuria, and Tay-sachs disease are all examples of

A

autosomal recessive diseases

36
Q

Fabrys’ disease

A

X linked

abnormal lipid deposition on blood vessels.

Excrutiating pains in extremeties and abdomen.

often in young males

37
Q

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

A

X linked

deletion of gene encoding dystrophin

38
Q

Hemophilia A

A

X linked

Deficiency in cofactor VIII

39
Q

anemia caused by autoantibodies attacking parietal cells of the stomach.

A

Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor which is needed for absorption of B12.

Pernicious anemia

40
Q

red blood cell cancer

A

Multiple Myeloma

Malignancy of platelet in bone marrow causing extensive bone destruction, unexplained anemia, hypercalcemia, acute renal failure

41
Q

Reed sternberg cells are associated with

A

found in Hodgkins lymphoma

40% of lymphomas.

Ages 15-30 or 50+

50% association with EBV/Mono

42
Q

Lymphomas

A

Hodgkins and non hodgkins

Hodgkins- Reed Cells, 40%, associated with EBV/mono

Non-Hodgkins- enlarged neck or stomach lymphnodes, T/Bcell types

43
Q

two types of acute Luekemias

A

leukimia- blast cells in bone marrow

AML-Acute myloblastic Lukemia- Excessive myeloblasts and Auer Rods

ALL- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia- Excessive lymphoblasts, 75% treatment

44
Q

Philadelphia chromosomes associated with

A

C me Later in Philly

CML- Chronic Myelocytic Leukimia

45
Q

Chronic leukimias

A

CML-Myelocytic,

3 year survival, older pts., huge WBC count, Phili chromosomes

CLL- Lymphocytic

younger pts, 5-10 year survival,

46
Q

Leukopenia

A

Decreased WBC

47
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Increased WBC

Usually response to infection, surgery , stress, pregnancy

48
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Increased neutrophils.

Usually results from: stress, exercise, pain, fear, pathologic infections.

49
Q

Pancytopenia

A

decreased in the number of RBC, WBCs, and platelets

50
Q

Thrombus vs embolus

A

THromus stays where it formed, embolus moves

51
Q

FAT BAT

A

Embolism causes

Fat EMboli

Air Embolism

THrombus

Bacteria

Amniotic Fluid

Tumor

52
Q

MOst common primary malignant brain tumor?

A

Glioblastoma Multiforme

53
Q

Most common brain cancer in adults

A

is from metastisis of lungs, breast, or prostate

54
Q

most common benign brain tumor

A

Meningioma

55
Q

disease from inflammation and demyelination of peripheral nerves and motor fibers leading to weakness with fine motor movement

A

Guillian-barre syndrome GBS

56
Q

Multiple sclerosis disease is caused by

A

recurrent inflammation of the CNS leading to demylenation

57
Q

dificiency of dapamine disease

A

parkinson

58
Q

classic symptoms of parkinsons (TRAP)

A

Tremors at rest

Rigidity,

Akinesia,

Postural insability

59
Q

Epidural vs subdural hematoma

A

Epidural is caused by middle meningeal leaking between skull and dura

Subdural happens between the dura and arachnoid space

60
Q
A
61
Q

chronic adrenocortical deficiency

A

addisons disease.

62
Q

Phenochromocytoma

A

tumor secreting excess amounts of (nor)epinephrine.

63
Q

most common bacterial STD

viral?

A

Bacterial-chlamydia

Viral- HPV

64
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

causes Syphilis.

65
Q

barrett’s esophagus

A

metaplasia of squamous cells to columnar in esophagus. can lead to adenocarcinoma

66
Q

Chich hepatitus’ come from the bowels

A

A&E

67
Q

Which hepatitus’ are spread via fluids(not saliva)

A

Hep B,C,D

68
Q

Hepatitus that causes chronic hepatitus and cancer

A

Hep C

69
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of gallbladder secondary to obstruction or infection.

Fat fertile females over 40

Pain in right upper quadrant using Murphys test

70
Q

labs for this disease show increased amylase and lipase in serum

A

Acute pancreatitis.

Pain radiating around umbilicus and could be to back if chronic.

Mostly due to chronic alcohol abuse or gallstones

71
Q

otitis media

A

pai in ear caused by bacterial infections from strep pneumoniae and H. influenza

72
Q

Benign mixed tumor(pleomorphic adenoma) -salivary

A

most common salivary neoplasm

Most common in parotid

Could be in upper lip, buccal mucosa, or posterior palate

73
Q

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (salivary)

A

Most common salivary malignancy

74
Q

Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum(Warthin’s Tumor) (salivary)

A

Bilateral but masses may not be visible simultaneously

benign

generally parotid

associated with cigarette smoking

75
Q

Emphysema

A

Type of COPD

Pink puffers

Enlarged air spaces and decreased alveolar recoil

shortness of breath, decreased breath sounds, tachycardia

76
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Type of COPD

Blue Bloaters

hypertrophy of mucous cells in lungs

Cyanosis of figners/toes and wheezing/crackling

77
Q

3 types of malignant cancers

A

metastatic- moving

carcinomas- from epithelium

sarcomas- from mesenchyme(connective tissue)

78
Q
A

NBDE 1 Random subjects (8 decks)

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