Primary lymphoid organs
bone marrow and thymus
Monocytes only exist in . . .
the blood.
When they move into tissues, they differentiate into macrophages.
Most common sentinel cells
Dendritic Cell
Mast Cell
Tissue-resident Macrophage
E selectin is expressed on ___ and binds to ____ on ____.
E selectin is expressed on endothelial cells and binds to E selectin ligand on circulating leukocytes.
LFA-1 is expressed on ___ and binds to ____ on ____.
LFA-1 is expressed on circulating leukocytes and binds to ICAM-1 on endothelial cells.
(LFA-1 is an integrin)
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory disease that affects the skin. Most patients with psoriasis develop plaques, which are scaly, raised, red or white areas on the skin.
Some individuals with psoriasis develop pustules (small blisters filled with pus) on their skin. Psoriasis can also cause arthritis.
Dactylitis
Inflammation of an entire digit (a finger or a toe), also referred to as ‘sausage digit’.
Enthesitis
Inflammation of the site where a tendon or ligament inserts into a bone.
Intertriginous
Referring to areas where skin rubs together, such as under the armpits and in the groin.
Antihistamines are perscribed for psoriasis to treat ____.
itch.
Efalizumab
monoclonal anti-LFA-1
A treatment for psoriasis
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell
A sentinel cell that detects viruses and releases type I interferons.
Flagellin is present in _____ bacteria.
Flagellin is present in gram positive AND gram negative bacteria.
LPS is present in ____ bacteria.
LPS is present in gram negative bacteria.
Peptidoglycan is present in ____ bacteria.
Peptidoglycan is present in gram positive bacteria.
Teichoic acid is present in ____ bacteria.
Teichoic acid is present in gram positive bacteria.
All complement pathways converge on. . .
Cleavage of C3 into C3a and C3b.
Which components of activated complement can induce inflammation?
C3a and C5a.
What is the function of C3b?
To cleave C5 into C5a and C5b
What is the function of C5b?
To recruit C6, C7, C8, and C9 to form the Membrane Attack Complex.
Agglutinins
A substance in the blood that causes particles to coagulate and aggregate.
May be an antibody, a soluble lectin, or a similar molecule.
What is the function of C8?
C8 inserts itself into the target cell membrane and enables the final recruitment of C9's to form the MAC.
When pentameric IgM binds an antigen . . .
It 'puckers', reavealing the Fc regions of the pentameric IgM in order to bind Igμ receptors.
Alternative Complement Activation
Spontaneous
Classical Complement Activation
Antibody-mediated
Lectin-dependent Complement Activation
Agglutinin/Lection-dependent
ex. Mannose-binding lectin
Common Complement Pathway
All Complement activation steps converge on the Common pathway at the generation of a C5 Convertase (usually C3b) and downstream cleavage of C5.
Role of C1q
C1q binds to the Fc region of antibodies and recruits complement.
Three major roles of complement
1. Lysis
2. Inflammation
3. Opsonization
Lectins bind ___.
sugars expressed by microbes
