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Clin Lab II > Immunology and Serology > Flashcards

Immunology and Serology Flashcards

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1
Q

The study of the body’s mechanisms that discriminate between self and nonself as well as eliminate non-self components such as infectious agents

A

Immunology

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2
Q

2 main categories of immunology

A

innate and acquired

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3
Q

Non-specific immune system

A

Innate

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4
Q

Specific immune system

A

Acquired

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5
Q

AKA passive immunity
Reacts quickly, but has no memory
Born with this immunity

A

Innate

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6
Q

Foreign substance produced by a pathogen

A

Antigen

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7
Q

A microorganism that can cause disease

Parasites, viruses, bacteria, etc

A

Pathogen

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8
Q

Anatomical barriers, inflammation, and resident flora are examples of

A

Innate immunity

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9
Q

What is the function of resident flora?

A

Prevents colonization of new microorganisms through microbial antagonism

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10
Q

Increase blood flow to a specific area which moves WBCs to affected area

A

Inflammation

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11
Q

Cellular components of innate defenses

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Macrophages
  3. Natural Killer and Lymphokine Killer Cells
  4. Eosinophils
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12
Q

Travel through the bloodstream and permeates the blood vessel at the site of inflammation to fight infections

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

Kill viruses

A

Natural killers

AKA NK cells

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14
Q

Kill tumors

A

Lymphokine killers

aka LAK cells

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15
Q

Kill parasites

A

Eosinophils

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16
Q

Recognizes pathogens (has memory)
Able to tell the difference between ‘foreign’ and ‘self’ cells
MUST have previous exposure to an antigen

A

Acquired Immunity

AKA adaptive immunity

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17
Q

2 types of acquired immunity

A

Humoral and cell mediated

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18
Q

Immunity within fluids
Can be active or passive
AKA antibody-mediated immune response

A

Humoral

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19
Q

Body produces an antibody after exposure to a foreign antigen artificially or naturally

A

Active Humoral immunity

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20
Q

Passage of an antibody from one animal to another

Ex: colostrum

A

Passive humoral

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21
Q

Generated by the immune system in response to an antigen to defend an animal against a variety of microbes like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa
Consists of 2 polypeptide chairs configured in a Y shape

A

Antibodies

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22
Q

Antibodies are AKA

A

immunoglobulins

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23
Q

Imminuglobulins are

A

proteins

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24
Q

Antibodies are produced by

A

B Cells

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25
5 Classes of antibodies
1. IgG 2. IgA 3. IgM 4. IgD 5. IgE
26
``` First antibody to respond to an antigen Largest antibody Only in serum Clumps microorganisms to help with cell lysis Activates the compliment system ```
IgM
27
``` Most abundant antibody Found in serum and colostrum Activates compliment system Stimulates phagocytic cells Increases as IgM increases ```
IgG
28
Least common antibody Binds to basophils and mast cells Involved in allergic and parasitic infections by activating histamine secretion to boost inflammation
IgE
29
Second most common antibody | Involved in a great deal of bodily secretions
IgA
30
4th most common antibody Low numbers in serum Activate and suppress lymphocyte activity Found in abundance on the surface of B cells
IgD
31
The T cells produce ___________ to stimulate B cells
cytokines
32
B Cells need what kind of cells to activate
Helper T cells
33
After stimulation, B cells produce
clones and plasma cells
34
Recognizes pathogens quickly and allow the body to remember subsequent infections by a specific pathogen
Memory B Cells
35
Attaches to free floating pathogens and secrete large numbers of antigen-specific antibodies
Plasma cells | AKA effector cells
36
Involves T cells and phagocytes Elimination of antigens involves MHCs, APCs, and cytokines
Cell Mediated Immune System
37
Major histocompatibility complex; proteins on cell surfaces
MHC
38
on all cells of the body (somatic cells)
MHC I
39
Only on macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells
MHC II
40
Released by Helper T cells | Chemicals secreted by cells that cause localized or widespread response in the body
Cytokines
41
2 types of APC's
Macrophages and dendritic cells
42
3 types of T cells
1. Killer T Cells 2. Helper T Cells 3. Suppressor T cells
43
Killer T Cells are AKA
CD8s
44
Helper T cells are AKA
CD4s
45
Go out and kill foreign bodies directly
Killer T (CD8)
46
Stimulate B cells
Helper T (CD4)
47
Slow and halt production of B and T cells | Example: allergies
Suppressor T
48
Active immunity is acquired 2 ways
Vaccine or get the dz and develop antibodies
49
Colostrum is a form of
Passive immunity
50
Allergies and anaphylactic shock are examples of
Hypersensitivity reactions
51
IMHA
Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
52
A branch of science dealing with the measurement and characteristics of antibodies and other immunological substances in body fluids
Serology
53
Diseased animals that test positive
Sensitivity
54
Healthy animals that test negative
Specificity
55
When a test incorrectly gives a positive report
False positive
56
When a test incorrectly gives a negative report
False negative
57
Concentration of antibodies circulating in the blood
Titer
58
Tests for specific antibodies and antigens Most common serology test Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay
ELISA
59
Competitive enzyme linked immunosorbant assay Intensity of the color of the result measures the strength of antigen-antibody binding Used for EIA (equine infectiours anemia)
CELISA
60
Sample is mixed with latex beads that are coated with an antibody or antigen If positive, beads will clump together
Latex Agglutination
61
Rapid immunoglobulin or lateral flow immunoassay | Collidal gold is conjugated to antibodies specific for the antigen being tested
RIM
62
Commonly used test for the existence of an antibody-antigen reaction Diffusion of known antibodies and suspected antigens through agar and the identification of a zone of precipitation If no band forms, no antibody exists in patients serum Used to diagnose Johnnes dz in cattle and EIA*******GOLD STANDARD*********
Immunodiffusion
63
Done on a sample of RBCs from the body to detect antibodies that are already attached to RBCs
Direct Coomb's test
64
Done on a sample of serum to detect antibodies that are present in the bloodstream and could bind to RBCs
Indirect Coombs test
65
This test is used to detect IMHA
Coombs
66
Used to diagnose various allergies to allergens (NOT food allergies)
Intradermal
67
Intradermal test of cattle for bovine tuberculosis Given in the caudal tail fold If swelling occurs within 48-72 hrs. it is positive
Tuberculine Skin test

Clin Lab II (5 decks)

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