Immunopathology Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
immediate hypersensitivity
A
type I
2
Q
antibody dependent hypersensitivity
A
type II
3
Q
immune complexes hypersensitivity
A
type III
4
Q
cell mediated hypersensitivity
A
type IV
5
Q
allergies/ anaphylaxis hypersensitivity
A
type I
6
Q
anti-cell surface antigen reactions hypersensitivity
A
type II
7
Q
accumulation of immune complexes hypersensitivity
A
type III
8
Q
delayed hypersensitivity
A
type IV
9
Q
IgE mediated hypersensitivity
A
type I
10
Q
IgM and IgG hypersensitivity
A
type II & III
11
Q
T cell mediated hypersensitivity
A
type IV
12
Q
mast cell degranulation hypersensitivity
A
type I
13
Q
complement mediated hypersensitivity
A
type II
14
Q
activated macrophage hypersensitivity
A
type IV
15
Q
immune complex deposition hypersensitivity
A
type III
16
Q
cells involved in type I hypersensitivity
A
- mast
- basophils
- eosinophils
17
Q
preformed mediators type I hypersensitivity
A
- histamine
- ECF-A
- heparin
18
Q
Secondary mediators type I hypersensitivity
A
- PAF
- leukotrienes
- prostaglandins
19
Q
reaction site type I hypersensitivity
A
local
systemic
20
Q
Reactions type I hypersensitivity
A
hay fever
asthma
anaphylaxis
21
Q
disease in which immune response to allergen leads to tissue damage and organ dysfunction
A
allergy
22
Q
clinical manifestation of type I hypersensitivity like asthma, eczema, hay fever, allergy
A
atopy
23
Q
people who suffer from immediate hypersensitivity
A
atopic
24
Q
reaction resulting in vasodilation and construction of smooth muscle
A
anaphylaxis
25
most common clinical allergy
allergic rhinitis
26
where is allergic rhinitis localized?
nasal mucosa
| conjunctiva
27
IgE mediated, BHR, bronchus
asthma
28
common skin disorder
atopic dermatitis
29
substance that gives rise to immediate hypersensitivity
allergen, antigen, Ag
30
physical properties of allergen
- most proteins
- small
- soluble
31
how are allergens classified?
routes of exposure
32
IgE
- monomer
- low concentration
- short half life
- eosinophils
33
is there placental transfer in IgE?
virtually none
34
Phases of type I hypersensitivity
sensitization
| triggering phase
35
acute reaction, allergen + IgE
anaphylactic reaction
36
acute reaction, no allergens or IgE, codeine, morphine
anaphylactoid reaction
37
Fatal laryngeal edema
reaction to penicillin
38
Urticaria
vascular reaction
| increased vascular permeability
39
urticaria characterized by
erythema
| wheal
40
common cause of urticaria
allergy
infection
stress
41
asthma routes
chemotactic factor
| spasmogens (broncho constriction)
42
chemotactic factors
IL-5
| TNFa
43
spasmogens
histamine
leukotrienes
prostaglandins
44
one parent allergy
30%
45
two parents allergy
50%
46
diagnostic type I hypersensitivity
skin test
ELISA
pulmonary function
47
skin tests
wheal and flare
| time course
48
EIA
- measure IgE
- used in place of skin tests
- medication may interfere
- unstable heart condition
49
treat type I hypersensitivity
- avoid allergen
- antihistamine
- corticosteroid
- mast cell stabilizer
- leukotriene inhibitor
- nasal anticholinergics
- immunomodulators
- epinephrine
- B2 agonists
- methylxanthines
50
hyposensitization
inject allergy + adjuvant over period of months
51
goal of hyposensitization
shift TH2 (IgE) to Th1 (IgG)
52
types of immunotherapy type I hypersensitivity
SCIT
SLIT
OIT
53
T cells type I hypersensitivity
- suppress IgE (IFNy, IL-12)
54
IgE is dependent on what?
T cells
| Th2: IL-4, IL-5, IL-10
55
Contact dermatitis
type IV hypersensitivity
56
Serum sickness
type III hypersensitivity
57
glomerulonephritis
type III hypersensitivity
58
direct target hypersensitivity
type II
59
reactions in type II hypersensitivity
- complement
- ADCC
- anti-receptor antibodies
60
Blood transfusion
type II hypersensitivity
61
erythroblastosis fetalis
type II hypersensitivity
62
transplant rejection
type II hypersensitivity
63
ADCC
antibody IgM or IgG
- against self
- against foreign
64
ABOs
develop abs without prior sensitization
| can occur on first transfusion
65
joint and heart valve damage
rheumatic fever
66
destruction of platelets
thrombocytopenia
67
acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells
myasthenia gravis
68
type II reaction target tissues
```
Rheumatic fever
thrombocytopenia
MG
good pasture
Graves
MS
```
69
where do antibodies collect in good pastures?
kidney glomerulus
| lung alveoli
70
drug induced reactions
type II
71
blood vessel dilation, sneezing, cough
type III hypersensitivity
72
Examples of type III hypersensitivity
arthus
acute serum sickness
autoimmune
73
immune processes in type III hypersensitivity
complement
| phagocytic cells
74
repeated exposure to ags
inhale antigenic material
75
vasodilation and bronchoconstriction
type III hypersensitivity
76
vasodilators
type III hypersensitivity
77
phases of type III hypersensitivity
immune complex form
| deposition
78
large or small immune complexes cleared faster?
larger
79
what affect complex clearance
```
ag class
glycosylation
```
80
where does deposition of immune complexes occur
high bp
| bifurcations
81
what may cause increased deposition in kidney of immune complexes?
charge (+)
82
what solubilizes complexes?
complement
83
what cause of exacerbate immune complex disease?
C' deficiencies
84
Serum sickness
- after injection of foreign protein
| - large aggregates
85
cell mediated hypersensitivity
type IV
86
CD4 hypersensitivity
delayed
87
CD8 hypersensitivity
cytotoxic
88
how does type IV hypersensitivity differ?
- t cell activated macrophages mediate
| - starts after latent period of several hours
89
when does type IV hypersensitivity peak?
48-72 hours
90
Hapten
small
lipophilic
penetrate epidermis
91
what conjugate to self proteins?
hapten
92
neo-antigen
hapten + protein
93
eczematous reaction
contact hypersensitivity
| 72 hours
94
skin injected with soluble ag
tuberculin type hypersensitivity
| 72 hours
95
Most serious type of type IV hypersensitivity
granulomatous hypersensitivity
| 21-28 days
96
three types of type IV hypersensitivity
- contact
- tuberculin
- granulomatous
97
What decreases cytokine production in contact hypersensitivity
prostaglandin
98
diagnosis of contact hypersensitivity
patch test
99
Tuberculin type IV hypersensitivity
- hardening and swelling of injected area
| - lesions resolve in 1 week
