Immunopathology Flashcards
(24 cards)
what is type 1 immunodeficiency?
immediate and uses IgE to trigger the release of inflammatory mediators, causes blood vessels to leak
what is type 2 immunodeficiency?
antibody mediated, bind to cell surface molecules recognised as non-self
what are examples of type 2 immunodeficiency?
haemolytic disease, blood transfusions
what is type 3 immunodeficiency?
antibodies react with antigens and form complexes which attract neutrophils when they are deposited
what is type 4 immunodeficiency?
delayed reaction and has involvement of T lymphocytes and no antibodies involved
what is autoimmunity?
a hierarchy of defence mechanisms to prevent autoimmune diseases
what are autografts?
grafts from the same person
what are allografts?
grafts from a different person
what are xenografts?
different species
where is the MHC encoded?
in the HLA locus
what are the different HLA subregions?
HLA A, B and C and HLA D
which HLA regions are class I and which are class II?
HLA A, B and C is MHC class-I and HLA D is class-II
what is hyper acute rejection?
anti-HLA antibodies from non donor blood transfusions
what is acute rejection?
primary response of T cells, antibodies in recipients blood reacting with organ
what is chronic rejection?
walls of the blood vessels in the graft thickening and becoming blocked
how can graft rejection be prevented?
use families, tissue-typing, immunosuppressants
what is specific immunosuppression?
persistent source of antigens delivered before mature T cells develop
what is active enhancement?
transfusion of donor blood one week before transplant can lead to organ acceptance
what is passive enhancement?
anti-donor antibody given to the recipient at the time of transplantation
what type of defect is caused by an extracellular bacteria?
antibody defect
what type of defect is caused by viruses or intracellular bacteria?
T cell defect
what is primary and secondary immunodeficiency?
primary is congenital and secondary is acquired
what are the features of primary immunodeficiency?
rare, recessive, defected thymus development
what are the features of secondary immunodeficiency?
malnutrition, radiation, infections such as HIV
