Immunotherapy Flashcards
What kinds of immunotherapy is there?
Vaccines
Immune modulatory drugs
Biologicals
Cell therapies
What is immunotherapy?
A form of cancer treatment that harnesses the body’s immune system to recognize, target, and eliminate cancer cells.
What diseases respond to Immunotherapy?
Cancer
Autoimmune Diseases
Transplantation
Infectious Diseases
What kinds of immunotherapies stimulate immune responses?
Adjuvants and antigens
Vaccines
Immune checkpoint blockade
Transfer of tumour specific T cells
What kinds of immunotherapies suppress immune responses?
Monoclonal antibodies
Immunomodulators
Regulatory T cells
What are prophylactic vaccines?
Used to stimulate protective immune memory in healthy individuals
What are therapeutic vaccines?
Designed to stimulate immunity in patients who already have chronic infections or cancer.
What are tolerogenic vaccines?
Induce immune tolerance instead of activation.
They suppress immune responses to treat autoimmune diseases.
They contain antigens and immunomodulatory agents to promote immune tolerance.
How do mRNA vaccines work?
The vaccine contains mRNA encoding a specific antigen from the pathogen.
The mRNA is encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles and injected into the body.
Cells in the body, particularly antigen-presenting cells , take up the mRNA.
The mRNA is translated by the host cell’s machinery, leading to expression of the antigen within the cell.
The antigen is presented on the surface of the host cell, activating the immune system.
The immune system recognizes the antigen as foreign and mounts an immune response, including the production of antibodies and activation of T cells.
What are Designed T cell vaccine?
Personalized cancer vaccines or neoantigen vaccines
Designed to harness the body’s immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells.
What are immune modulatory drugs?
Small molecules that target signalling pathways, enzymes, cellular recognition, etc. to stimulate or suppress immunity
When are immune modulatory drugs stimulants used?
Used to treat hypo-immune syndromes (adjuvants)
What kinds of immune modulatory drugs are stimulants?
PRR activators
Cytokines
Chemokines
IDO inhibitors
When are immune suppressant modulatory drugs used?
Used to treat hyper-immune syndromes
What kinds of immune modulatory drugs are suppressants?
Steroid hormones
Interferon 1 (IFNb)
JAK inhibitors