immunotherapy Flashcards
(15 cards)
1
Q
what are the functions of CD8+ and T cells
A
- activated by presented antigen
- produce clone of T cells
- recognise specific antigen
- target specific cells
- self tolerant
2
Q
what are the functions of cancer cells
A
- proliferation
- create new vasculature
- spread
- evade immune killing
3
Q
what are immune check points
A
- physiological regulatory mechanism
- evolutionarily conserved
- regulate hyperactivation of T cells
- preserve self tolerance while maintaining protection
4
Q
what are the names of the immune checkpoints
A
- CTLA4 and PD-1
5
Q
what does CTLA4 checkpoint do
A
- expressed by T regs
- prevent immune conjugate formation
- recruit inhibitory effectors
- mediates internalisation of its ligands
- competes for co-stimulatory ligands
- directly antagonises CD28
6
Q
what is anergy
A
tolerance mechanism where the lymphocyte is functionally inactivated following antigen binding
7
Q
what is exhaustion
A
poor effector function due to expression of inhibitory receptors
8
Q
what is the negative regulatory of T cell activation
A
CTLA4
9
Q
how is anti-CTLA4 treatment used
A
- enhances antiumoral immunity
- provides long lasting immune protection
- anti cancer
10
Q
what is ipillmumab
A
- human IgG1k anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody
- for stage 3 and 4 melanoma
11
Q
what is tremelimumab
A
- IgG2 CTLA-4 blocking antibody
- binding kinetics for antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
12
Q
what is PD1
A
- putative mediator of apoptosis
- expressed by human T cells following activation of TCR
13
Q
what is pembrolizumab
A
- humanised IgG4 antibody targeting PD1
- for refractory and unresectable melanoma
- 73% survival rate at a year
14
Q
what is tisagenlecleucel
A
- CD19 targeted CAR-T cell therapy
- CD19 uniformly expressed on B cells
15
Q
what does PD1 limit
A
- CD8+ antitumour effects
- suppresses myeloma growth
