Immunotherapy summary

Question 1

many cancer ells in the body

Answer 1

blend in as normal cells and are not destroyed by the immune system

Question 2

human antibodies can be used to

Answer 2

block/mediate the section b/w immune system and cancer cell

Question 3

which cytokine is particularly protective against cancer

Answer 3

IL-2

Question 4

tumour micro environment is rich in

Answer 4

Tumour Infiltrating T-Lymphocytes (TILs)

Question 5

those who have many TILs

Answer 5

are more likely to survive

Question 6

3 ways therapeutic monoclonal antibodies can be used

Answer 6

• carry cytotoxic agents to tumour
• induce ADCC or Complement-mediated Lysis
• block activity of tumour specific protein

Question 7

Rituximab used to treat

Answer 7

Hodgkins non-lymphoma

Question 8

Herceptin used to treat

Answer 8

breast cancer

Question 9

rituximab is what sort of antibody

Answer 9

chimeric

Question 10

herceptin is what sort of antibody

Answer 10

humanised

Question 11

how does rituximab treat HNL

Answer 11

induces complement mediated lysis and ADCC

- naked mAb

Question 12

rituximab is targeted against

Answer 12

CD20 on B cells

Question 13

HNL causes

Answer 13

malignant growth of B cells - tumour in lymph nodes

Question 14

Herceptin works by

Answer 14

blocking activity of tumour specific protein

Question 15

Types of immunotherapy

Answer 15

• immune system modulators
• immune checkpoint modulators
• immune cell therapy
• active vaccintation

Question 16

3 types of immune checkpoint protein inhibition

Answer 16

1) co-stimulatin in CD28- chances T cell activation by APC
2) CTLA-4 ligation on activated T cell down regulated T cell response
3) block CTLA-4 ligation enhances T cell response

Question 17

CTLA-4 bids to

Answer 17

B7

Question 18

CTLA-4 binding to B7

Answer 18

no T cell activation

Question 19

anti-CTLA-4 mAb

Answer 19

blocks CTLA-4 activity with B7- T cella citvation

Question 20

TGN1412 was used to treat

Answer 20

Rheumatoid arthritis, but even at 500th conc of what was tested in animals- still caused sepsis

Question 21

mechanism of TGN1412

Answer 21

antibody binds to CD28 co-stimualtor pair

• potent agonist
• stimulates inflammatory production
• Cytokinemia

Question 22

adoptive immune therapy involves

Answer 22

Using normal TILs

Question 23

TIL

Answer 23

tumour infiltrating T-lymphocytes

Question 24

if you cant produce sufficient TILs

Answer 24

then the cancer will not be fought by immune system

Question 25

TILs for by

Answer 25

shrinking and destroying tumours

Question 26

How does adoptive immune therapy using TILs work

Answer 26

1) TILs collected from tumour sample 2) TILs that show greatest recognition of tumour are selected 3) stimulated to be activated and proliferate by cytokines 4) injected back into patients blood stream

Question 27

CAR T cell stands for

Answer 27

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell

Question 28

when are CAR T cel therapy used

Answer 28

when own t-cells cant recognise irregular cancer cells

Question 29

Process of CAR T cell therapy

Answer 29

1) thousands of T cells collected from blood of patient 2) T cells are re-programmed (via introduction of DNA for a new receptor by a virus 3) new receptor is called a Chimeric Antigen receptor- new cells grown in lab and infused back into patients

Question 30

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)

Answer 30

modified forms of TCRs - have a high affinity for specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells -

Question 31

Once CAR T cell is bound to cancer cell

Answer 31

modified T cell become activated and attacks virus

Question 32

antibody used to treat Alzheimers

Answer 32

solanezumab

Question 33

antibody used to treat Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 33

Toxilizumab

Question 34

Toxilizumab

Answer 34

humanised and blocks IL-6R receptor

Question 35

Immune checkpoint protein

Answer 35

CTLA-4

Question 36

Which antibody used as antagonist against CTLA-4

Answer 36

Ipilimumab