Importance and Validity Flashcards
Humanity first discovered truths through ___
Induction
____ reasoning emerged as a process less prone to bias, the ___ ___ was born out of this reasoning style
Deductive
Scientific method
Scientists have pushed for ___ knowledge through ___ over ____ knowledge (____)
This was noted to be an issue because we figured out research wasn’t ____ or being translated
Deductive through research
Inductive (clinical)
Generalizing
What are global (overarching) RCT indicators?
- Is there an experimental group that receives the IV/treatment/intervention?
- Is there a control/comparison group and what they are exposed to (if anything)?
- Participants are randomized to experimental/control-comparison condition/s
What level of evidence is an RCT?
Second highest level of evidence
True experimental design
Able to determine the presence of causality (between IV and DV), including accuracy (significance), degree (effect), and directionality (positive/negative)
Why are RCTs considered the second best level of evidence?
They are experimental so there a lot of checks for biases
What is a causal inference and what tests causal inferences?
Determine if the IV caused a change in the DV
RCTs test causal inferences
What words in the null hypothesis would indicate that we are testing correlation?
Relationship, association
What is importance?
How many people will this study reach
Do the results challenge existing (former knowledge)
What’s the likelihood that practitioners will adopt the study method
Where can the indicators of importance be found in a research article?
Intro and background: rationale
End of background: Research questions and hypotheses
Methods: external validity
Results: effect size
What are important concepts of validity?
Can I trust that the study results are true?
Was bias sufficiently controlled for with rigorous study methods?
What are some additional validity indicators in study design?
Participants: number, demographics, assessment characteristics
Group & Design variables: study design, factorial matching, within-between, random assignment
IVs: systematic manipulation, conceptual > operational clarity fidelity
DVs: valid and reliable measurement system, binding
Results: statistical significance
Where should we look for indicators in a research article?
Introduction/background: rationale, research questions/hypotheses
Methods 1: first paragraph (pull IVs and DVs)
Methods 2: Participants: descriptions & grouping variable
Methods 3: Procedures for implementing IVs and measuring DVs, analytic strategy
Results: Stats, significance and effect size for EACH research question
