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Flashcards in Important dates and figures Deck (32)
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1
Q

1) Who was Ambrose Paré?
2) What did he do?
3) When did he work?

A

1) A French Surgeon
2) Made cauterisation methods more humane; used ligatures instead of pouring boiling oil over the wound/a hot iron bar
3) 16th century, 1500s

2
Q

When were blood transfusions banned?

A

1670 (high mortality rate)

3
Q

When did Humphrey Davy discover Nitrous Oxide?

A

1799

4
Q

What did Dentist Horace Wells use in a public demonstration in 1845?

A

Nitrous Oxide

5
Q

1) When was Ether discovered?

2) By who?

A

1) 1846

2) William Mortan

6
Q

Which American surgeon used Ether in 1846?

Which famous British surgeon used Ether in 1847

A

American; John Collin Warren

British; Robert Liston

7
Q

1) What anesthetic` was discovered in 1847?

2) By who?

A

1) Chloroform

2) James Simpson

8
Q

When did Ignaz Semmelweiss tell medical students to do in 1847?

A

To wash their hands in chlorinated water before treating mothers

9
Q

What is a name for the peroid between 1847 and 1867 (hint; anesthetics)

A

The black period of surgery

10
Q

Who was the first recorded death from chloroform and when did ‘they’ die?

A

Hannah Greener (while having her toenail removed) in 1848

11
Q

1) When was the Chloroform inhaler invented?

2) Who was was it invented by?

A

1) 1848

2) John Snow

12
Q

1) Which very famous public figure used chloroform to give birth to her 8th child? When?
2) Which famous public figure’s wife used chloroform to give birth?

A

1) Queen Victoria in 1853

2) Charles Dickens

13
Q

In the Crimean war who discouraged chloroform from being used?
Why

A

An army medic banned use of chloroform thinking it was unmanly for the soldiers to have pain relief – he was ignored

14
Q

When was the hypodermic needle invented?

A

1853

15
Q

1) What did Louis Pasteur publish and when?

2) What did it say

A

1) The Germ Theory 1861

2) Germs cause infections, they can be killed by heat.

16
Q

When was the Germ Theory proved?

Why was this important?

A

The germ theory wasn’t proved until 1864.

People often don’t believe things until they’re proved

17
Q

Who was Joseph Lister?

A

A surgeon, he linked germs (Pasteur) with infection

18
Q

How many people died from blood poisoning in 1867 on Lister’s wards?

A

None!

19
Q

What was invented in 1878 that helped promote an aseptic environment?

A

The Steam Steriliser by Robert Koch

20
Q

When were rubber gloves invented?

A

In 1889

21
Q

What ways did hospitals promote an aseptic environment after the 1890s?

A
Wear rubber gloves,
Face masks,
Gowns,
Sterile clothing.
Instruments were sterilised
22
Q

What was discovered in 1901?

A

Blood groups by Karl Landsteiner

23
Q

What anesthetic was discovered in 1905?

A

Novocaine (this isn’t 1 of the 3 key anesthetics so you don’t have to learn anything about it)

24
Q

Who performed the first successful blood transfusion using blood typing and when?

A

Reuben Ottenburg in 1907

25
Q

What started in 1914?

A

WW1, it ended in 1918

26
Q

What did Richard Lewisohn discovered could be added to blood to prevent it clotting? And when?

A

Sodium citrate in 1914

27
Q

Who discovered that refrigeration stopped blood cells deteriorating in 1916?

A

Richard Weil

28
Q

Which two people realised citrate glucose could be added to prevent blood clotting or deteriorating?

A

Rous and Turner

29
Q

What was set up in Aldershot n 1916?

A

A plastic surgery unit by Harold Gilles

30
Q

What method of plastic surgery did Gilles develop?

A

Pedicle grafts

31
Q

What was set up during the battle of Cambrai in 1917?

A

The first blood depot

32
Q

Who presented their work in Paris in 1892?

A

Pasteur