Important Vocab

Question 1

Data with values that change continuously or smoothly over time. Some examples are music, colors, position of a sprinter during a race

Answer 1

analog data

Question 2

data that changes discretely, individually through a finite set of possible values

Answer 2

digital data

Question 3

a process for creating a digital representation of analog data by measuring the analog data at regular intervals called samples

Answer 3

sampling

Question 4

process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. REVERSIBLE process

process for reducing the number of bits where some information is lost or thrown away NOT REVERSIBLE

Answer 4

lossless
lossy

Question 5

a collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use , or build upon work

Answer 5

Creative Commons

Question 6

a chunk of data sent over a network. may arrive at the destination in order, out of order, or not at all

Answer 6

packet

Question 7

the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

Answer 7

HTTP, HyperText Transfer Protocol

Question 8

differing access to computing devices and the internet based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

Answer 8

digital divide

Question 9

the inputs and outputs that allow a user to interact with a piece of software, buttons, menus, images, text, graphics

Answer 9

user interface

Question 10

program statements run in order from top to bottom

some program statements run when triggered

Answer 10

sequential programming
event driven programming

Question 11

a repetitive portion of an algorithm which repeats a specified number of times or until a given condition is met

Answer 11

iteration

Question 12

manage complexity in programs by giving a collection of data a name without referencing the specific details of the representation

Answer 12

data abstraction

Question 13

putting steps in an order
deciding which steps to do next
doing some steps over and over

Answer 13

sequencing
selection
iteration

Question 14

What algorithms run in reasonable time? Which run in unreasonable time?

Answer 14

polynomial efficiency, constant, linear, square, cubic

exponential or factorial efficiencies

Question 15

provides a good enough solution to a problem when an actual solution is impractical or impossible

Answer 15

heuristic

Question 16

a problem with a yes or no answer
a problem with the goal of finding the best solution among many
a problem for which no algorithm can be constructed that can provide a yes or no answer

Answer 16

decision problem
optimization problem
undecidable problem

Question 17

a variable in a function definition. Used as a placeholder for values that will be passed through the function

Answer 17

parameter

Question 18

scientific research conducted in whole or part by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant data to research using their own computing devices
***Usually information generally known by the public, such as observations

Answer 18

citizen science

Question 19

the practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet

Answer 19

crowdsourcing

Question 20

the use of a program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information

Answer 20

key logging

Question 21

software intended to damage a computing system or to take partial control over its operation

Answer 21

malware

Question 22

one key for encryption and decryption
Paris a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. The sender does not need the receiver’s private key to encrypt a message but the receiver’s private key is required to decrypt the message

Answer 22

symmetric key encryption
public key encryption