In class study

Question 1

A group organized to nominate candidates, to win power through elections, and to promote public policies

Answer 1

party

Question 2

identify the three part of political parties

Answer 2

party organization, party in the electorate, party in government

Question 3

Identify the first political groupings

Answer 3

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans/Anti-federalists

Question 4

Who became president as a result of the 1824 election?

Answer 4

John Quincy Adams

Question 5

This type of organization helped supports with basic needs in exchange for votes

Answer 5

party machine

Question 6

The progressive movement pushed for these reforms

Answer 6

Australian ballot, primary elections, presidential primaries, registration, civil service reform

Question 7

Duverger argued that a _________ system produces a two-party system whereas a _________ system produces a multi-party system

Answer 7

Majoritarian/SMDP; PR

Question 8

Duverger’s law is based on what two components

Answer 8

mechanical and psychological

Question 9

Exceptions to two-party rule in the US

Answer 9

one-party monopoly, non-partisan elections, independent candidates, third-party candidates

Question 10

Advantages of a two-party system/disadvantages of multi-party system

Answer 10

Extremists remain non-influential
moderate policies
less fragmentation
legitimacy
electoral accountability
effective governance
eases burden on voters

Question 11

Disadvantage of a two party system/advantage of a multi-party system

Answer 11

natural
diversity of ideas
role for underrepresented groups
increases turnout
better represents parties
governing majority
ensures government actually represents the public

Question 12

Reasons why a strong party organization is important

Answer 12

long-term electoral success, voter signaling, clarifies voter decision making

Question 13

A party is called __________ when it is heavily regulated by the government

Answer 13

legal

Question 14

A party is called ________ when it exists as a concrete object to the public separate from its momentary leaders

Answer 14

institutionalized

Question 15

A party is called __________ when it is independent from nonparty organizations (in terms of membership, leadership, and funding)

Answer 15

autonomous

Question 16

Tangible rewards for activity (money, jobs, stepping stone to office, etc.)

Answer 16

material

Question 17

Intangible rewards gained from promoting an issue or principle of importance to the individual

Answer 17

purposive

Question 18

Concerns regarding purists

Answer 18

Care little about electability as they are ideologues
Are not representative of party identifiers
Resist socialization into party norms
Willing to join candidate-centers campaigns to the detriment of the party organization

Question 19

The nature of American politics has led the parties to move at different rates? What is this called

Answer 19

Asymmetric polarization (Collitt and Highton)

Question 20

Is there evidence to support asymmetric polarization from Collitt and Highton?

Answer 20

There is evidence that supports that republicans are moving farther to the right on certain issue positions such as abortion than democrats are moving to the left. On the death penalty republicans are moving in extremes to the right and away from public opinion

Question 21

The allocation of House seats to the states after each census to reflect population shifts

Answer 21

reapportionment

Question 22

States draw new boundaries of congressional districts, usually after the census

Answer 22

redistricting

Question 23

Drawing district boundaries (usually in bizarre shapes) to make it easier for candidates of the party in power to win

Answer 23

gerrymandering

Question 24

Partisans vote in their party’s primary

Answer 24

closed primary

Question 25

Voters participate in the others party's primary to weaken the other party

Answer 25

raiding

Question 26

Independent choose a party's primary; partisan vote in there party's primary

Answer 26

Semi-closed/semi-open

Question 27

In the pre-reform period, who controlled the nomination of presidential candidates?

Answer 27

party elites

Question 28

in the post-reform period, who controls the nomination of presidential candidates?

Answer 28

voters or delegates

Question 29

Supporters of the party's candidates meet in small meetings to choose delegates

Answer 29

caucus

Question 30

Provisions of FECA

Answer 30

disclosure, limits, and establish FEC

Question 31

Types of party spending during elections

Answer 31

direct contribution to candidates, coordinated spending, independent spending, issue advocacy, and hybrid spending

Question 32

Reforms offered in the Vandewalker and Weiner reading for reformiing campaign financing

Answer 32

public financing for parties raising or eliminating coordinated spending limits lessening federal regulation of state and local parties relaxing disclosure limits relaxing contribution limits to parties

Question 33

A long-term psychological identification with a political party

Answer 33

partisanship

Question 34

The social groups that support a given party

Answer 34

party coalition

Question 35

Demographic characteristics that distinguish the parties

Answer 35

age, race, education , gender, income, religious attendance, location

Question 36

The movement of the Democratic and Republican parties away from the center and towards the extremes on an issue dimmension

Answer 36

polarization

Question 37

Positive feelings towards one's in-group and negative feelings about the out-group

Answer 37

affective polarization study done by Iyengar and Westwood (experiments about response time and scholarship selection)

Question 38

Voters identifying with parties that share their preferences

Answer 38

partisan sorting

Question 39

Studies done by Iyengar and Westwood to examine affective polarization

Answer 39

IAT, scholarship study, dictator games, trust game

Question 40

causes of party collations and demographics distinguishing parties

Answer 40

ideology, group attitudes, values, media, and campaigns

Question 41

A successful presidential candidate can 'pull' co-partisans into office

Answer 41

presidential coattails

Question 42

A president's party typically does __________ during the midterm elections

Answer 42

worse

Question 43

These administrators can be held responsible for implementing a party program

Answer 43

political appointees/cabinet

Question 44

These administrators cannot be held responsible for implementing a party program

Answer 44

career executive/bureaucracy/employees of federal departments

Question 45

A party that presents a clear platform and works to implement their platform if they win

Answer 45

responsible party

Question 46

An institution that makes a responsible party difficult in the US

Answer 46

separation of powers, federalism, and primary elections

Question 47

Evidence that American parties are responsible despite separation of powers and barriers

Answer 47

parties organize all legislatures save Nebraska polarization homogeneity within parties increased party warfare