INCORRECT EXAMPREP Flashcards
Between which layers of the anterior abdominal wall does the NVB lie?
Between the intermediate and innermost layers
The gastrocolic reflex produces an increased frequency of mass movements in the large intestine in response to distension of the stomach. The efferent limb of this reflex is mediated through which substances? (HINT: there’s 2)
CCK and gastrin
The mesentery is a fan-shaped double layered fold of peritoneum that connects the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall. Where does the base of the mesentery proper begin?
Left of L2 vertebra
How many years of life are lost in women with BMI greater than 30 compared to a women with BMI less than 25?
7 years
Ductal cells of the pancreas are responsible for producing the aqueous component of secretions. Which cell type produces the substance that is a major stimulus for aqueous secretion?
S- cells (secretin)
Which type of neoplasm accounts for 98% of malignant tumours of the colon and rectum?
Adenocarcinoma
What is the name of the apical membrane transporter that is responsible for the absorption of fructose into the blood?
GLUT5
Which species of microbiota is most likely to be found in the duodenum?
Lactobacilli
The mid-inguinal point lies halfway between which 2 structures?
ASIS and pubic symphysis
The sigmoid mesocolon is the double-layered fold of peritoneum that connects the sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall. Which structures does it cross in the left iliac fossa? (HINT: there’s 2 answers)
- bifurcation of left common iliac artery
2. left ureter
Ductal cells are responsible for modifying salivary secretions. In what ways do they achieve this?
Absorption of Na and Cl
Secretion of K and HCO3
Which anti-emetic drug causes massive sedation?
Haloperidol
At what point does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?
Right crus of diaphragm
7th CC
left of midline
What structures are carried to the hindgut along the branches of the IMA?
Least splanchnic nerves and parasympathetics from S2-4
What is the term given to the condition in which the physiological herniation of abdominal contents through the umbilicus fail to return to normal?
Omphalocele
During development the testis migrate to the scrotum with the peritoneal pouch which should remain only as the tunica vaginalis. If this region fails to close what 3 conditions may occur as a result?
Cytocele
Hydrocele
Indirect inguinal hernia
In the kidney the production of the filtrate across the glomerular filtration barrier depends on the balance of pressures. Which force is the weakest?
Oncotic pressure of the tubule
Renal blood flow and hence GFR are essentially constant over a wide range of BPs. What term describes the method by which increased flow rate of sodium past the macula densa sends a paracrine message to neighbouring afferent arterioles?
Tubuloglomerular feedback
A vagovagal reflex causes relaxation of the orad region of the stomach, allowing it to accommodate ingested food, Through which substance is the efferent limb of this reflex mediated?
VIP
Approx what proportions (as a %) of the scottish workforce are employed in alcohol related industries?
6%
The lower edge of the inguinal ligament and the lacunar ligament medially form which wall of the inguinal canal?
Floor
Which type of epithelium is likely to be disrupted as a result of E. coli infection?
Simple columnar
In the kidney, the production of filtrate across the glomerular filtration barrier depends on the balance of pressures. Which of the following forces is the weakest?
Oncotic pressure of the tubule
In the cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, salt is actively transported OUT the tubule. In this region of the nephron, the m’ment of which ion if responsible for generating a positive potential difference that drives the m’ment of ions via a paracellular route?
K+ - potassium
