Incorrect sample paper questions

Question 1

What can positron emission tomography tell you about brain function?

Answer 1

Levels of neurotransmitter receptors

Question 2

What structure of the neuron makes the decision about whether a cell is going to fire an action potential?

Answer 2

Axon hillock

Question 3

Which of the following ions is required for release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic terminal?

Answer 3

Ca2+

Question 4

What sort of receptor is an AMPA glutamate receptor?

Answer 4

Ionotropic

Question 5

Blood vessels and the optic nerve enter and exit the retina through the:

Answer 5

optic disk

Question 6

The tonotopic representation of sounds present in the cochlea is preserved at the:

Answer 6

Primary auditory cortex, medulla, superior olivary complex in the pons

Question 7

The dorsal visual pathway in the brain analyses visual information related to:

Answer 7

motion and depth of objects in the visual field.

Question 8

An important distinction in learning and memory is between associative and non-associative learning. Which answer best defines associative learning?

Answer 8

A change in behaviour resulting from learning how two stimuli are related AND a change in behaviour due to learning how a behaviour and outcomes are related

Question 9

Karl Lashley’s principle of mass action states that:

Answer 9

Ability to learn is proportional to the amount of cortex available

Question 10

What critical evidence supported Hebb’s theoretical model of learning?

Answer 10

Evidence that strong or repeated stimulation of presynaptic neurons resulting in post-synaptic activation produces long-term changes in synaptic transmission (or Long-term potentiation)

Question 11

In drinking, hypovolemia can trigger the release of the enzyme renin from the kidneys. Renin then converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin which in turn stimulates drinking by binding to receptors in which brain area?

Answer 11

The subfornical area

Question 12

Name one associated tool tradition from:
1. the Lower Palaeolithic (Early Stone Age)
2. the Middle Palaeolithic (Middle Stone Age)
3. the Upper Palaeolithic (Later Stone Age)

Answer 12

1. Oldowan
2. Mousterian
3. Solutrean

Question 13

What is it called when unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus are first associated with eahother?

Answer 13

Acquisition

Question 14

What is it called when the conditioned response stops?

Answer 14

Extinction

Question 15

What is it called when the conditioned response still appears after a prolonged period of time?

Answer 15

Spontaneous recovery

Question 16

37. “Humans have around 1000 different odor receptors but can perceive more than a trillion odorants”. Please explain how the shape-pattern theory helps explaining this statement.

Answer 16

*Odors can activate different odor receptors with different intensity.
*Each scent activates a unique array of odor receptors.
*Odor identity is achieved by a combination of odor receptor activation, rather than specific odors only detected by specific receptors.

Question 17

What are the right hand side and left hand side corticospinal tracts called?

Answer 17

Right - Lateral
Left - ventral