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NUTR 120 > Indigenous Studies > Flashcards

Indigenous Studies Flashcards

1
Q

How many treaties are in Saskatchewan? What are their names?

A

4, 5, 6, 8, and 10

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2
Q

What are the two types of land claims?

A
  • Specific (Nations who signed the treaty, but never received land)
  • Comprehensive - based on historical occupancy of land
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3
Q

What is the purpose of the First Contact to the Royal Proclamation of 1763?

A
  • King George named all the land west of the appellation mountains Indigenous sovereignty
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4
Q

Why was the Post- Royal Proclamation to Confederation important?

A
  • Confederation made colonization much more violent.
  • Indian Act was implemented
  • BNA Act was introduced “Indian land reserved for Indians” However the BNA act was broken in many areas
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5
Q

What are the Politics of Recognition?

A

Indigenous peoples who seek to show the government that they go with government policies so they are accepted into society

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6
Q

Colonialism needs to be attacked on two levels:

A
  1. Objective level - How does colonial power maintain resources and not have to give it back?
  2. Subjective Level - Racism and stereotypes
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7
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

You know there’s proof yet you deny it

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8
Q

Explain Intersociality or internormativity

A

Relationships between settle and Indigenous nations historically and currently

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9
Q

Name 7 core beliefs of Nehiyawak worldview

A
  1. Buffalo as a economic, food, spiritual, and sustainability source
  2. Sharing and trading systems established to sustain relationships between tribes
  3. Natural Law (Sylvia McAdams) is not threatening people or torturing animals and keeping a reciprocity between us and the land
  4. Children are the center of Plains Cree culture
  5. Leaders were unselfish and caring individuals who are held accountable for their actions
  6. Music holds a foundation in Indigenous spirituality
  7. Spirituality is the blood that flows through Indigenous culture
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10
Q

What was the main argument of the Road Forward Movie?

A

Indigenous activism has been around for centuries but there still needs to be a focus on Indigenous rights.

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11
Q

Which era of Treaty making did Canada officially become an independent country?

A

Post-confederation to the natural resources transfers agreement (1930)

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12
Q

What is the Dawes Act?

A

Power to survey and divide land to native male head of households (aka settler land grab)

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13
Q

What is the Indian relocation act?

A

Remove Indigenous people from their land and into urban centers to assimilate them into gendered work forces

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14
Q

What is Heteropatriarchy?

A

The assumption that heterosexuality is natural

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15
Q

When was the shift in the idea of what it meant to be metis?

A

1960s to 80s is when repercussions went to Metis individuals

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16
Q

What is gender-based violence? Examples?

A

Any act that goes against a person based on gender norms and unequal power relations. It can be physical, emotional, psychological or isolation.

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17
Q

What is the reasons gender based violence exists?

A
  1. Patriarchy - power structures create unequal relationships
  2. Poverty - Women are stuck in this reality due to lack of resources
  3. Colonization - needed to justify violating women to colonize
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18
Q

What does indirect violence mean?

A

Subtle oppression from government and policies

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19
Q

What is the organization Sisters in Spirit?

A

Research the case of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women of Canada

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20
Q

What stereotype is harmful for abuse victims?

A
  • the “Squaw” or “Indian princess” sexualizes Indigenous women
  • The “perfect survivor” needing to always be resilient
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21
Q

What is the actual purpose of the RCMP for Canada?

A
  • Help with the expansion of BNA by controlling Indigenous people
  • Implementing the Pass System
22
Q

What does the current state of the justice system look like? What lead to the current state?

A
  • Poor economic conditions result in loss of employment and self esteem which increases violence and drug use
  • Intergenerational trauma
  • Overrepresentation in the Canadian criminal justice system
23
Q

How does colonization result in gang systems?

A

colonization resulted in poverty, this creates a need to survive through gang systems.
It is taught throughout generations.

24
Q

Those who have experienced abuse develop:

A
  • pathological shame
  • Emotional neglect causes developmental trauma
  • negative expectations towards relationships
25
Q

What is the standard of living for Indigenous peoples?

A
  • Socio-economic conditions comparable to fourth world populations
  • risk of death and early disease is higher
26
Q

What is Jordan’s Principle?

A

An agreement that outlines providing extra culturally appropriate services to Indigenous children when it is needed

27
Q

What are the two concepts of cultural saftey?

A
  • Cultural Understanding: Indigenous knowledge demonstrated by health care professionals
  • Cultural Conception:
    a more radical understanding that considers power structures and implementing institutional processes. Embedding cultural structures into systems and institutions, not calling them “foreign” and diluting them
28
Q

What is an example of cultural competence?

A

Indigenous health centers

29
Q

What is an example of Urban Indigenous Healthcare?

A
  • Friendship centers as advocates for policy changes, services, culturally relevant programs
30
Q

What is the purpose of the Native Youth Sexual Health Network?

A

Guide relationships, and engage and invest in ways in which they work together as a network with mentors and youth leaders

31
Q

What is the Significance of Sturgeon Lake First Nations?

A

They are the first to establish a program for on-reserve births with ceremony and rituals.

32
Q

What is the purpose of the Minowe Clinic?

A

This is the first clinic to offer health care in a culturally relevant envoirment

33
Q

What is the purpose of Indigenous music?

A

No matter the type of music, it is meant to connect the spiritual identities of Indigenous musicians. Usually it is a reaction to something negative or positive.

34
Q

Why should we think of indigenous music as something other than tradition?

A

Because it puts Indigenous music in the past as something that doesn’t change and adapt - but it constantly changes and adapts

35
Q

Name three ways Indigenous songs are obtained

A

Dreams
Gifted
Passed on through generations

36
Q

What is the duty of a song keeper?

A

To protect and decipher the spirits message within a song

37
Q

What is the Indianist Movement?

A

The Indianist movement is when anthropologists tried collecting Indigenous music without their consent and storing them before the Indigenous peoples went extinct. It was also used to romanticize the culture in European compositions

38
Q

What is the Indigenous worldview of death?

A

It isn’t something to fear because the spirit is safely, with ceremony and song, transitioning into the spirit world.

39
Q

What is the meaning of pawakan?

A

Pawakan is the Cree word for dreamed. Dreamed songs are given by spirits so Song keepers can carry on their messages.

40
Q

What is the significance of the Drum?

A

The drum is a powerful living being that is gifted to an individual. They contain spirits and are known to cure, kill, and as medicine.

41
Q

What is the meaning of Resurgence?

A

Indigenous peoples reconnecting with their homeland and cultural practices through sustainable self-determination. What’s practiced is livelihood, governance, relationship to homelands and natural world and ceremonial life.
Having the courage and imagination to envision a life beyond the state.

42
Q

What does it mean to practice self-determination?

A

Self-determination means fighting the states policies and envisioning a life beyond the state with a relationship with the land, natural worlds, and homelife

43
Q

What is the argument within the politics of recognition by Glen Coulthard?

A
  • Everyday practices should not involve the state
  • Mimicking the states contemporary forms of colonial power is a risk
  • Rights discourse is constructed by the state and do not reflect inherent responsibility to the land.
44
Q

What is does health and wellness look like in Indigenous communities?

A

An interconnected network and relational supports which enables each person to live a good life

45
Q

What are the roles and responsibilities of allies?

A

Examining our own prejudices and biases, and commit to learning how colonization and white privilege effects marginalized communities. Meaningful actions and anti-racist interventions.

46
Q

What are examples of the Indigenous justice system?

A

It is everyone’s responsibility to protect and serve the community. Dog soldiers are more specifically the protectors of the community. If someone does break the natural law, the community discusses how they can help the person recover from whatever turmoil they are experiencing because most times they are mentally ill. If they are banished, it is the last resolution to justice, usually in the case of murder or rape.

47
Q

What are Issues within Canadian Healthcare?

A

Canadian healthcare carries many blatant biases within the system. Not allowing for Indigenous ceremony in times of birth and death. Reserve births is a relatively new allowance by the government and its only for low-risk births. The Cultural Understanding teachings within programs tend to isolate distinct cultures and puts pressure onto healthcare professionals to embed cultural practices rather than institutions. Indigenous women have been sterilized without consent and without much proof, healthcare professionals can claim that the parents are unfit. Social services are known to take infants away from their parents while the parents are under investigation.

48
Q

What is Bill-C31?

A

An act to amend the Indian Act became law on June 28 1985 promising to end over 34 years of blatant sex discrimination against Indigenous women and their children under s.(12)(1)(b) of the prior Indian Act of 1951

49
Q

Name one project that is trying to end gendered violence in Indigenous communities. What does it provide?

A

Two-Spirit Mental Health Peer Support Manual

  • Indigenizing Harm Reduction
  • Toolkits - First Nations Sexual Health, Metis Voice - HIV Health and Place Project
50
Q

What place does music have in Indigenous communities?

A

Music has a place in all aspects of life. economic, social, spiritual, and political

NUTR 120 (7 decks)

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