Indirect Techniques

Question 1

What is fascia?

Answer 1

Dense regular CT arranged in layers
Found throughout the body
Any tissue that has a supportive function like ligaments, tendons, dural membranes, and linings of body cavities

Question 2

Types od fascia

Answer 2

Superficial, Deep, Subserous, Dura

Question 3

Who first described myofascial release?

Answer 3

A.T. Still

Question 4

Who described myofascial release in engineering terms?

Answer 4

Dr. Robert Ward

Question 5

Technique for myofascial release

Answer 5

Traction & twist into or away from the barrier
Hold for 20 seconds
Release slowly

Question 6

What specific condition does counterstrain address?

Answer 6

Dysfunction caused by muscle spasm

Mostly directed at neuromuscular reflexes than tissue stresses

Question 7

Finding position of maximum comfort and ____ it

Often will make crooked _______

Answer 7

Exaggerating

Crookeder

Question 8

What happens in different phases of counterstrain?

Answer 8

Initial Phase: 10-20 seconds, nociceptor and proprioceptor reflexes turn off
Second Phase: electrochemical changes of muscle fiber and resetting of the resting length of the fibers
Third Phase: inflammatory chemical washout

Question 9

How much improvement is needed for the treatment to be successful?

Answer 9

At least 70% improvement is needed

Question 10

Technique for counterstrain

Answer 10

Find tender point using history and thorough exam and TART
Monitor point while wrapping body around the point
Hold for 90 seconds or until release
Slowly return to neutral
Re-assess effectiveness before taking finger off

Question 11

Tender points in extremities are usually on the ___ side of the pain.

Answer 11

Opposite

Question 12

How much pain should be felt in the position of ease?

Answer 12

None

Question 13

Tender points are sensory manifestations of a ____ or ____ dysfunction.

Answer 13

Neuromuscular or Muskuloskeletal

Question 14

Major differences between tender point and a trigger point.

Answer 14

Tender: localized pain with a vague pattern, located in muscle tendon ligaments and fascia, jump sign on press, no radiation of pain, no dermatographia over point

Trigger: Characteristic pain pattern referral, located in muscle, locally tender, jump sign, pain radiates from site when pressed, dermatographia over site

Question 15

Explain indirect balancing technique and when to use it.

Answer 15

Place joint in center of motion where no stress is felt in any direction.
Requires constant monitoring of resting motor tone
Useful in pair structures or extremities
Gentle treatment of swollen areas
Called Function Treatment