Individual Rewards Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the four distinct learning preferences described in Kolb’s Learning Styles Model?
- Converging
- Diverging
- Assimilating
- Accommodating
Each preference describes a different approach to learning: practical application, observation/idea generation, theoretical analysis, and hands-on experience, respectively.
How does understanding learning preferences help in designing learning programs?
It helps meet diverse learner needs.
What are the most relevant individual differences in organizational contexts?
- Personality traits (e.g., Big Five)
- Cognitive ability
- Motivational orientations
Personality traits include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
What does Operant Conditioning involve?
Associating a voluntary behaviour with a consequence to either strengthen or weaken that behaviour.
What are the two types of mindsets proposed by Carol Dweck’s Mindset Theory?
- Growth mindset
- Fixed mindset
Growth mindset believes abilities can develop; fixed mindset believes abilities are static.
How should feedback be framed for individuals with a fixed mindset?
It should encourage learning, not judgment.
What is classical conditioning?
A process where an individual learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a meaningful one.
What are the components of classical conditioning?
- Unconditioned stimulus
- Unconditioned response
- Conditioned stimulus
Example: Food as an unconditioned stimulus leads to salivation as an unconditioned response.
What are the two types of conditioning mentioned in the workplace context?
- Classical conditioning
- Operant conditioning
What is continuous reinforcement?
Reinforcement delivered after every occurrence of a behaviour.
What is the most efficient method for maintaining a behaviour?
Intermittent schedules of reinforcement.
What is positive reinforcement?
Strengthening desired behaviours through rewards like praise or bonuses.
What are the five main steps in operant conditioning according to Luthans et al. (1998)?
- Identify critical work behaviours
- Measure baseline performance
- Establish antecedents and consequences
- Develop an intervention strategy
- Evaluate effectiveness
What are the two types of motivation described?
- Extrinsic motivation
- Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation involves external outcomes; intrinsic motivation is about internal satisfaction.
What three psychological needs foster intrinsic motivation according to Self-Determination Theory?
- Autonomy
- Competence
- Relatedness
What is Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory?
It suggests that people differ biologically in how they respond to reward and punishment.
What characterizes BAS-sensitive individuals?
They are reward-seeking and driven by incentives and positive feedback.
What characterizes BIS-sensitive individuals?
They are more attuned to threats and tend to be cautious and risk-averse.
What are the consequences of poor alignment in reward systems?
Lower engagement, resentment, burnout, and higher turnover.
How did Jurgensen’s study on job preferences highlight a common misconception?
It showed that managers often assume others value pay as highly as they do.
What is the Employee Value Proposition (EVP)?
The unique value an organization offers to its employees.
What is a practical application of understanding intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in organizations?
Design reward systems that account for both intrinsic and extrinsic drivers.
Fill in the blank: Operant conditioning can be used to reinforce _______ rewards.
[extrinsic]
What is the impact of over-rewarding on intrinsic motivation?
It can undermine intrinsic motivation.
