🏛️🧑🏻⚖️Industrial Crime and Punishment🧑🏻⚖️🏛️ Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
why did Heresy decrease in the Industrial Period
A
england was now a firmly protestant country
2
Q
why did witchcraft stop being a crime in the Industrial Period
A
people were becoming more educated and didnt believe in witches
3
Q
why did vagrancy decrease in the Industrial Period
A
the wealth of the people was generally rising
4
Q
list the major crimes in the Industrial Period
A
highway robbery
poaching
smuggling
trade unions
5
Q
what is highway robbery
A
holding someone at gunpoint on the road to steal their belongings
6
Q
when did highway robbery begin
A
in the civil war
7
Q
give a famous example of a highway robber
A
dick turpin
8
Q
when was dick turpin executed
A
1739
9
Q
why was it easy for highway robbers to commit crimes on roads in the Industrial Period
A
people were travelling on them more commonly but they were not buisy
10
Q
why was gun crime easier for highway robbers in the Industrial Period
A
guns were becoming quicker to load and cheaper
11
Q
why was it easy for a highway robber to rob somones money in the Industrial Period
A
because banks hadn’t been invented yet so people usually carried money with them
12
Q
what is poaching
A
illegally hunting one someone elses land
13
Q
when did poaching begin
A
meadival times
14
Q
when was poaching made punishable by death
A
1723
15
Q
what did the Waltham Black Act do
A
make poaching punishable by death
16
Q
why did some people rely on poaching in the Industrial Period
A
some jobs like miners were paid very little
17
Q
was poaching a social crime in the Industrial Period
A
yes
18
Q
why was poaching a social crime in the Industrial Period
A
becuase people thought that the punishment was way too harsh
19
Q
what is the waltham black act an example of
A
the bloody code
20
Q
why was it easy to make a lot of money off of poaching in the Industrial Period
A
you could sell meat on the black market
21
Q
how did the government get money in the industrial period
A
custom duties
22
Q
what are custom duties
A
taxes on trade
23
Q
when was the Industrial Period
A
1800s
24
Q
how many smugglers were in england during the Industrial Period
A
20,000
25
what items were smuggled in the Industrial Period
tobaccos, tea and spirits.
26
what was smuggling punishable by in the Industrial Period
death
27
give 4 reasons why smuggling increased in the Industrial Period
it was a social crime
it was profitable
gang intimidation
lack of government funding
28
was smuggling a social crime in the Industrial Period
yes
29
why was smuggling a social crime in the Industrial Period
people liked that it made goods cheaper
30
how much could you earn helping a smuggler in the Industrial Period
twice the daily wage
31
how much could you earn being a smuggler in the Industrial Period
seven times the daily wage
32
give an example of a smugglers gang in the Industrial Period
Hawkhurst gang
33
what did smuggler gangs do to custom agents that got in the way during the Industrial Period
killed them
34
why wasn't smuggling policed very well in the Industrial Period
people were scared of the gangs
35
why could the government not afford new customs agents to deal with smuggling in the Industrial Period
because the smugglers cut off their only source of income - custom duties!
36
what is a trade union
a group that fights for workers rights
37
when was the first trade union made
1833
38
where was the first trade union made
tolpuddle
39
who led the first trade union
george loveless
40
what did the first trade union do to protect themselves
swear a secret oath
41
how were the first trade union charged as criminals?
there was an old navy law against secret oaths
42
how were the first trade union punished?
they were transported to australia
43
why were the first trade union punished so harshly
the landowners and government were afraid of losing money
44
when was the metropolitan police force created?
1829
45
give 4 reasons why the metropolitan police force was created
the feilding brothers
sir robert peel
taxes
protest controll
46
where did the feilding brothers work
in court on bow street
47
why were the bow street runners set up
the feilding brothers wanted to do something about rising levels of crime
48
when were the bow street runners set up
1749
49
what did the bow street runners do
catch theives and investigate criminals
50
when did the feilding brothers set up horse patrols
1754
51
who set up the bow street runners
the feilding brothers
52
what did the bow street runners set up in 1754
horse patrols
53
when did the bow street runners set up foot patrols
1804
54
what did the bow street runners set up in 1804
foot patrols
55
how many men were in the bow street runners' foot patrols
54
56
what was the name of the newspaper run by the feilding brothers
the hue and cry
57
what did the newspaper 'hue and cry' do
publish information about criminals to be used by magistrates
58
who set up the 'hue and cry' newspaper
the feilding brothers
59
why did the bow street runners help to form the metropolitan police force
they proved that a police force was not only necessary but effective as well
60
when did robert peel become home secretary
1822
61
what did robert peel want to do as home secretary
improve lives by reducing crime
62
how did robert peel convince the government that a police force would help people
he used statics to show that crime was rising
63
how did robert peel help to create the metropolitan police force
he help to create government support and funding needed for its' creation
64
how was the government affecting people in the industrial period
it was becoming more involved in their lives
65
how did people veiw the government in the industrial period
they began to see it could have a positive impact
66
how did taxes change in the industrial period
local areas were given the right to tax people
67
how did new tax laws help to create the metropolitan police force
it created the funding that was needed
68
when did peterloo happeb
1819
69
what was peterloo
a peaceful protest turned violent massacre
70
where was peterloo
outside of manchester
71
what happened at peterloo
the army was sent in to deal with crowd controll, but instead they created a massacre
72
how many people were killed at peterloo
15
73
how many people were injured at peterloo
hundreds
74
why did peterloo help to create the metropolitan police force
it showed that the army could not handle crowd control - a seperate force was needed
75
when did the number of crimes in the bloody code begin to fall
1820s
76
when did the bloody code end
1841
77
how many crimes were punishable by death at the end of the bloody code
2
78
what were the crimes punishable by death at the end of the bloody code
treason and murder
79
give 4 reasons why the bloody code ended
robert peel
juries
public executions
education
80
how did robert peel help to end the bloody code
he fought in government to replace deterence punishments with reform punishments
81
what percent of people who were supposed to be sentenced to death were actually killed in the industrial period
just 10%
82
why did the government want to end public executions
they were rowdy and chaotic
83
what percentage of people could read in the industrial period
70%
84
why did increased education help to end the bloody code
people formed new attitudes and criticised traditional veiws of harsh punishments based on detterence
85
when did america become independant
1780s
86
when did people begin to be transported to australia
1788
87
when did transportation end
1857
88
list 5 reasions why transportation ended
it cost a lot
many thought it was not a punishment
crime was still rising
australians didn't like it
89
how much did transportation cost per year in the industrial period
£500,000
90
what did the lord cheif justice describe transportation as in the industrial period
a summer excusion
91
what do we call the first prison system
the old system
92
what were prisons originally called
goals 'jails'
93
how were inmates grouped in the old system
not at all - they were all in together
94
what was the worry about old system prisons?
that they would become schools of crime
95
how much were prison wardens paid in the old system
nothing
96
what was the result of not paying wardens anything during the old system
they were succeptable to bribery
97
give a good example of overcrowding in the old system
newgate had 275 prisoners in an area designed for 150
98
where prisons in the old sytem sanitary?
no - goal fever spread quickly
99
what do we call the second prison system
the reformed system
100
when was the reformed system
1820s
101
give some exmples of improvements in the reformed system
prisons were given good water and food
prisoners were seperated
prison wardens were paid
102
how did john howard help to create the reformed system
he wrote a report on the state of prisons
103
what was john howards report called
'the state of prisons in england and waled'
104
when did john howards write his report
1777
105
how did elizebeth fry help to create the reform system
she helped women and children in newgate prison
106
how did robert peel help to create the reformed system
he passed the 1823 goals act that created the system
107
what do we call the third prison system
the seperate system
108
when was the seperate system created
1840s
109
when was the first model for the seprerate system created and what was is called
pentonville prison - 1942
110
what was the concept of the seperate system
that prisoners could spend their time alone to reflect and not be influenced by others
111
how were prisons meant to reform people in the seperate system
they were to spend their time contemplating alone
they would work to show them the value of hard labour
112
why was the seperate system created
because the bloody code ended in 1941 and prisons were chosen to replace it
113
what was the fourth prison system called
the silent system
114
when was the silent system created
1860s
115
what were prisoners expected to do inthe silent system
daily hard labour that was made deliberatly pointless
116
give an example of labour in the the silent system
the 'crank handle' - you had to turn it 10,000 times in one day. the handle did nothing
117
what were prisoners fed in the silent system
food that was barely enough to keep them alive
118
why was the the silent system called such?
prisoners were made to be silent at all times or they were beated
119
why was the silent system introduced?
transportation ended and prisons were chosen to replace it
fear of crime was on the rise
120
why was the fear of crime on the rise during the 1860s?
there was a garroting crisis
penny dreadfuls made people afraid of criminals
