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History > 🏛️🧑🏻‍⚖️Modern Crime and Punishment🧑🏻‍⚖️🏛️ > Flashcards

🏛️🧑🏻‍⚖️Modern Crime and Punishment🧑🏻‍⚖️🏛️ Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

list the 6 major crimes in the modern period

A

computer crime
car crime
terrorism
hate crime
smuggling
COs

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2
Q

is computer crime an entriely new concept?

A

no because it is basicallly just theft

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3
Q

give two examples of computer crime

A

scamming
illegal downloading

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4
Q

why has computer crime increased in the modern period

A

the internet created new opportunities to steal

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5
Q

when was the internet created

A

1990s

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6
Q

what is a crime to drive a car without

A

licence, MOT, road tax and insurance

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7
Q

what is a crime to do whilst driving a car

A

speeding
driving under the influence

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8
Q

why did car crimes become a thing?

A

because lots of people were dying from car accidents

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9
Q

how many people died car related deaths in 1934?

A

7,000

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10
Q

when were car crimes invented

A

1935

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11
Q

what is terrrorism

A

using violence to gain attention for a cause, usually political or religious

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12
Q

for how long has terrorism been around?

A

50-60 years

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13
Q

give two examples of terriorist groups

A

the IRA
al-quaida

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14
Q

give one example of a terrorist act

A

the 7/7 bombings

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15
Q

who carried out the 7/7 bombings

A

al-quaida

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16
Q

where were the 7/7 bombings

A

london

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17
Q

when were the 7/7 bombings

A

2005

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18
Q

why has terrorism emerged?

A

because it is a means of getting what you want from a government

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19
Q

is smuggling still a problem today

A

yes

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20
Q

what things are smuggled in the modern period

A

luxries like alchohol and ciggarretes, drugs and sometimes people

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21
Q

why is the government trying to stop smugglers in the modern period

A

tax purposes, and it leads to increased crime

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22
Q

who is smuggling iin the modern period

A

organised criminal gangs

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23
Q

give 3 reasons why smuggling is different in the modern period

A

transport is better
demand is high
conflict is increased

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24
Q

why is it easier to smuggle now that transport is better?

A

because millions of people travel on a daily basis

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25
why are smuggled goods in high demand?
illegal drugs are a multi-billion pound industry
26
why has conflict led to increased smuggling?
because immigrants fleeing from conflict need to be smuggled into countries
27
what is a CO
a conscientious objector
28
what is a conscientious objector
a person who refuses to be conscripted either for religious, moral or political reasons
29
when was conscription introduced in WW1
1916
30
how many COs where there in WW1
16,000
31
what happened to COs in WW1
they had to appear infront of a tribunal
32
what makes ww1 CO tribunals different from ww2 CO tribunals
in ww1, the tribunal was harsh as it consisted of ex-soldiers who were not sympathetic to the COs
33
how many COs where put into prison during ww1
6,000
34
how many COs died in prison during ww1
73
35
how did the public react to COs in ww1
they were seen as spineless cowards
36
when did ww2 start
1939
37
how many COs where there in ww2?
60,000
38
how was the publics reaction to COs in ww2
the same as in ww`1
39
list 3 reasons why the death penalty was abolished
controversial cases the second world war less executions
40
give 2 controversial cases of the death penalty in the modern period
timothy evans, derek bently,
41
when was timothy evans executed
1950
42
when was derek bently executed
1953
43
why was timothy evans' execution controversial?
because it was found after his death that he was not guilty
44
why was derek bently's execution controversial?
because he has learning difficulties and did not even do anything
45
why did ww2 make people dislike the death penalty
because they felt it fit the values of hitler's germany, rather than of britain
46
what was aboilished in 1957
hanging for all murderes exept a few exeptions
47
when was hanging for all murders exept a few exeptions abolished
1957
48
why did the abolishion of 1957 make people dislike the death penalty
because they felt it had no use
49
how many hangings a year were there after 1957
just 4
50
list 7 aspects of policing in modern times
neighbourhood watch specialisation weapons camera technology computer records communication training
51
what is the emphasis of policing in the modern period
preventing crime
52
when was neighbourhood watch founded
1982
53
what do the neighbourhood watch do
observe suspicious behaviour and report it to the police
54
what does the neighbourhood watch utilise
the local community
55
why has policing become more specific in the modern period
there are lots of different crimes
56
gvie some examples of specialised police units in the modern period
drug squads counter terrorism cyber crime
57
do police carry guns in the modern period
NO
58
what has the invention of cameras done to policing in the modern period
security recordings and speedcameras are used to catch criminals and prevent crime
59
when was the PNC set up
1974
60
what does PNC stand for
Police National Computer
61
what is the PNC
a database on crime available to all police officers
62
what is the PNC similar to?
the 'hue and cry' newspaper
63
how long does initial police training take in the modern period
14 weeks
64
list the four reasons why prisons changed in the modern period
1. modern prisons 2. rising numbers 3. prison alternatives 4. young offenders
65
when was the crank handle abolished?
1902
66
how did food, heating and living conditions in prisons change in the modern period
they improved
67
when were open prisons created
1933
68
what are open prisons
prisons where inmates can leave to find work
69
why did prisons become less harsh in the modern period?
there was less fear of crime - this meant less pressure on the government to make prisons harsh
70
when did prison numbers begin the rise
1940s
71
what happened to the number of inmates in prisons between 1993 and 2015
they doubled
72
give a period of time in which number of prisoners doulbed
1993 to 2015
73
why did the number of prisoners increase in the modern period
sentences becaim longer because prison was the main punishment also the government wanted to be seen as 'tough on crime'
74
give 3 alternatives to prison in the modern period
probation electronic tagging community services
75
how many hours of community service may you be asked to do in the modern period?
40-300
76
is comunity service paid in the modern period
no
77
why are there new alternatives to prison in the modern period
technology has allowed electronic tagging alternatives save government money
78
how were young offenders treated in the industrial period
the same as adults
79
when was the first borstal opened
1902
80
when is a borstal
a young offenders prison that is akin to a strict bording school
81
when was the last borstal closed
19982
82
how are young offenders treated in the modern period
usually the parents are punished, but in extreme cases there are young offenders institutions
83
why did the treatment of young offenders in the industrial period change?
punishmentts began to lean towards reform - many felt that young people were more likely to change

History (10 decks)

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